1. Endocrine System ► Exocrine Gland-  Has a duct that carries secretion ► Endocrine Gland-  Ductless gland that secretes a hormone into the blood ► Hormone-  Chemical messengers act on target cells

2. Endocrine System Ant. Pituitary (3) TSH Stimulates thyroid gland. Ant. Pituitary (4, 5) HGH (GH) Regulates growth. Ant. Pituitary (4,5) Prolactin Promotes milk production. Ant. Pituitary (6) ACTH Stimulates adrenal cortex. Ant. Pituitary (1, 2) FSH Regulates gonads. Ant. Pituitary (1, 2) LH Regulates gonads. Post. Pituitary (7, 8) ADH Regulates water balance. Post. Pituitary (7, 8) Oxytocin Controls birth contractions.

3. Endocrine System Thyroid (11) Thyroxine Regulates cell metabolism. Adrenal Cortex (13) Cortisol Reg. carb., fat, protein metab Adrenal Medulla (12) Epinephrine Prepares in stress situations. Parathyroid (16) PTH Regulates calcium levels.

4. Endocrine System Islets Langer… (14, 15) Insulin Decreases blood sugar levels. Islets Langer… (14, 15) Glucagon Increases blood sugar levels. Testes (9) Testosterone Male secondary sex char. Ovaries (10) Estrogen Female secondary sex char.

5. Disorders ► Goiter ► Hyperthyroidism ► Hypothyroidism ► Cretinism ► Diabetes Mellitus ► Giantism ► Dwarfism ► Acromegaly

6. Disorders ► Goiter-  Enlargement of thyroid ► Hyperthyroidism  Over active thyroid  High metabolism, thin, high activity, … ► Hypothyroidism-  Under active thyroid  Low metabolism, weight gain ► Cretinism  Under active thyroid in infancy ► Diabetes Mellitus  Lack of insulin ► Giantism  Over active pituitary- HGH ► Dwarfism  Under active pituitary- HGH ► Acromegaly  HGH production after growth is normally complete

7. Endocrine System ► Negative Feedback Mechanism-  Regulates hormone levels  Level of one hormone regulates the release of a different hormone  Works much like a thermostat and furnace