1. Imperialism in China: Carving the Dragon 1750-1914 Lesson 6

2. Main Ideas: China’s isolationist policies led to their decline in the face of European dominationChina’s isolationist policies led to their decline in the face of European domination The opium trade reversed China’s domination of trade with the WestThe opium trade reversed China’s domination of trade with the West The Opium Wars led to an eventual “carving up” of Chinese territory and the breakdown of the imperial systemThe Opium Wars led to an eventual “carving up” of Chinese territory and the breakdown of the imperial system

3. Qing China The Manchus & comparison to MongolsThe Manchus & comparison to Mongols Qing society & economyQing society & economy –Neo-Confucianism –Bureaucracy –Tax reorganization Problems of declineProblems of decline –population crisis –bureaucratic corruption – crop failure

4. Reviewing the Canton System Western trade at CantonWestern trade at Canton – primarily inter-Asian trade –exchange items tea for silver tea for silver – tribute $$ & diplomatic submission $$ & diplomatic submission

5. The Macartney Mission, 1792 Lord MacartneyLord Macartney – procure trade rights – dispute over the kowtow Qianlong’s responseQianlong’s response – Chinese perception of British – compare to Japan

6. Origins of the Opium Trade India & productionIndia & production –industrialization Legal & illegal tradeLegal & illegal trade StatisticsStatistics –1830: more silver out than in tax problems tax problems –1839: 40,000 chests @133 lbs./chest

7. Origins of the Opium Trade ImpactsImpacts – agricultural production – Opium Dens – Lin Zexu’s letter to Queen Victoria Blockade & the “Canton Opium Party”Blockade & the “Canton Opium Party”

8. The Opium Wars, 1839-42 Britain vs. ChinaBritain vs. China – Nature of the war – Role of the navy Nemesis vessels Nemesis vessels – Capture of Canton Treaty of Nanjing (“Unequal Treaties”)Treaty of Nanjing (“Unequal Treaties”) –The Open Door in China –Port leases & “Sphere’s of Influence” –Diplomatic Missions

9. The Opium Wars, 1839-42

10. Rebellion & Reform The Taiping Rebellion, 1850-64The Taiping Rebellion, 1850-64 – Hong Xinquan’s “inspiration” – Goals destroy decadent traditional systems destroy decadent traditional systems social reforms social reforms – Put down by provincial armies

11. Rebellion & Reform Self-Strengthening (1860s- 98)Self-Strengthening (1860s- 98) – modernizing reforms (similar to Meiji) – too sporadic to bring real change –100 Days Reforms, 1898 Kang Youwei at imperial courtKang Youwei at imperial court Land, tax, economic reformsLand, tax, economic reforms Removed by Dowager Empress Cixi & army conservativesRemoved by Dowager Empress Cixi & army conservatives Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1901Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1901 –Cixi goes back to 100 Days reforms!

12. What It Means Massive Western influencesMassive Western influences Puppet govt. through the imperial courtPuppet govt. through the imperial court Corruption in Forbidden CityCorruption in Forbidden City Slow reforms: not conservative vs. change, but entrenched interests!Slow reforms: not conservative vs. change, but entrenched interests! “The National Shame”“The National Shame”