1. Gross Anatomy: Cranial Nerve Introduction (Grays, pages 807; 848-854)

2. Vocabulary REVIEW CNS Afferent: sensory primary afferents
axons entering the CNS
cell bodies in sensory ganglia
CN versus spinal nerves
Efferent:
motor
leaving the CNS
innervate skeletal muscle or viscera
visceral efferent pathways always involve 2 neurons [one in the CNS and one in a peripheral ganglia]
CNS
Sensory are pseudounipolar
Motor are multipolar
Autonomics will have 2 neurons and will synapse in between

3. Functional Components
Special – cranial nerves only; olfaction, vision, taste, balance and hearing
General – touch, pressure, proprioception, vibration, pain and temperature
Somatic – body wall
Visceral – smooth and cardiac muscle, glands and arrector pili
General Somatic Afferent (GSA): sensation from body wall
General Visceral Afferent (GVA): sensation from viscera
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA): taste and olfaction
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA): DON’T NEED TO KNOW YET
General Somatic Efferent (GSE): motor; to skeletal muscle
General Visceral Efferent (GVE): motor to “viscera”
Branchial Efferents (BE [SVE]): motor (skeletal muscle from pharyngeal arches)

4. CRANIAL NERVE SUMMARY 1. Olfactory CN I (SVA) Sensory
2. Optic CN II (SSA) Sensory
3. Oculomotor CN III (GSE, GVE-P) Motor
4. Trochlear CN IV (GSE) Motor
5. Trigeminal CN V (GSA, BE) Both
6. Abducens CN VI (GSE) Motor
7. Facial CN VII (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both
8. Vestibulocochlear CN VIII (SSA, SSE) Sensory
9. Glossopharyngeal CN IX (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both
10. Vagus CN X (BE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P) Both
11. Accessory CN XI (GSE) Motor
12. Hypoglossal CN XII (GSE) Motor
Grey will be covered in neuroanatomy – don’t need to know yet
GVE – P means parasympathetic
Parasympathetics from CN III, VII, and IX travel with CN V

5. Cranial Nerves along the Cranial Fossa
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
- CN XI is unique in that it arises from the cervical vertebral column and rises up

6. 12 Cranial Nerves:

7. To the “intra” and extraocular muscles:
CN III – Oculomotor
CN IV – Trochlear
CN VI - Abducens
CN III, IV, VI all innervate the muscles of the eye
CN III is unique that it also contains GVE, or parasympathetic fibers. Also associated with CN III is the cilliary ganglion

8. Brain stem (CNS)

9. Brain stem (CNS)

10. Brain stem (CNS)

11. CN V - Trigeminal

12. CN V - Trigeminal Nerve Ophthalmic Maxillary
NOTE: The mesencephalic nucleus is involved in proprioception from muscles of mastication, the TMJ, extraocular muscles and muscles of the face.

13. CN V - Trigeminal

14. CN V1 - Ophthalmic

15. CN V2 - Maxillary

16. CN V3 - Mandibular

17. CN VII - Facial

18. CN VII - Facial Nerve
Red are the motor fibers, supplies the cutaneous mm. of the face
Blue are the sensory fibers (go through the geniculate ganglion)

19. CN VII - Facial

20. Cranial Nerve VII

21. CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus

22. CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN IX only innervates one muscle, the stylopharyngeus
Superior ganglion is GSA
Inferior ganglion is GVA

23. CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

24. CN X - Vagus Nerve

25. CN X - Vagus Nerve Parasympathetic Ganglia in head COPS –
CN III Cilliary ganglia
CN IX Otic ganglia
CN VII Pterygopalatine ganglia
Submandibular ganglia

26. CN XI – Spinal Accessory
CN XII - Hypoglossal
Sensory Ganglia in the head
TGIS – (ignore CN VIII for now)
CN V Trigeminal ganglia
CN VII Genicular ganglia
CN IX + X Inferior and superior ganglia

27. - Runs up through the foramen magnum into the skull and innervates 2 mm., trapezius and sternoclydomastoid (SCM)

28. - Innervates all tongue mm
- Innervates all tongue mm., with the exception of the palatoglossus which is innervated by CN X

29. CN XI - Spinal Accessory

30. CN XII - Hypoglossal