1. Greece
Chapter 5
SOL 5a-g

3. Location Aegean Sea Greek peninsula, Europe, Asia Minor
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea, Dardanelles
Athens, Sparta, Troy
Macedonia
What does this geography tell us about Greece?

4. Economy and Social Development
Agriculture: limited arable land
What does arable mean?
Commerce and the spread of Hellenic culture
What is Hellenic culture? (vocabulary)
Shift from barter to money economy
What does this mean?

5. Mythology What does mythology mean? Based on polytheistic religion
Used to explain natural phenomena, human qualities and life events
Set cultural norms
Iliad and Odyssey
Achilles
Hector
Odysseus
Paris
Helen of Troy

6. Zeus / jupiter
King of gods
Thunderbolts
Eagle
Ganymede

7. Hera / juno
Queen of gods
Goddess of marriage
Peacock

8. Apollo
God of
healing
Music, poetry
Prophecy
Sun
Hunting
Crow

9. Artemis / diana
Goddess of earth, wildlife, hunt
Never married
Quail

10. Aphrodite / venus
Goddess of love
Beauty
Dove

11. Athena / minerva Goddess of wisdom, war/peace Created olive tree
Goddess of city of Athens
Owl

12. Hermes / Mercury
Messenger
“Speedy”
Invented harp
Tortoise

13. Ares / Mars
War god
Liked Aphrodite
Vulture, Woodpecker

14. Poseidon / neptune
God of the sea, earthquakes, rivers, floods, droughts, horses
Holds a Trident

15. Greek Political Life
Polis – city-state – an independent city that is its own country
Gave a Greek person his identify
Socrates - If you don’t belong to a polis, you’re not human
Each polis had its own kind of government
Monarchy
Dictatorship
Democracy
Oligarchy
Aristocracy

16. Political Development
Mountainous terrain helped and hindered the development of city-states
Helped – not much interaction with neighbors
Hindered – hard to expand
Overpopulation led to colonization
More space to live
More farmland

17. Social structure and Citizenship
Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and the responsibility of civil participation inn government.
Women and foreigners had no political rights
Slaves had no political rights

18. Greek Military Greek citizens expected to fight Invented the phalanyx
Meat grinder

19. How did democracy develop in Athens?
Stages in evolution of Athenian government
Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy
Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco and Solon
Draco: Law code with harsh punishments for all crimes (debt slavery)
Solon: revised Draco laws and made them more humane (outlawed debt slavery); drafted a new constitution
Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen **What are each of these like?

20. How did Sparta differ from Athens?
Oligarchy: rule by a small group
Rigid social structure
Militaristic and aggressive society
Life revolved around the
military and preparation for war

21. WAR
Persian Wars ( BC)
Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire
First War
Greek victories over the Persians at Marathon
Link to website on Marathon
Second War
Thermopylae = Persian victory
Greek victory at Salamis left Greeks in Control of the Aegean Sea.
Athens preserved its independence and continued innovation in government and culture

22. Golden Age of Pericles 461-429 b.c.
Mostly occurring between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars
Pericles extended democracy
Only most adult males had an equal voice
Pericles rebuilt Athens after destruction in Persian Wars
The Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction

23. The Parthenon

24. Contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilizations
Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles
Poetry: Homer
History: Herodotus, Thucydides
Sculpture: Phidias
Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates
Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras
Architecture: Types of columns
Doric
Ionian
Corinthian

25. WAR Peloponnesian War (431-404BC)
Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world—Athens and the Delian League v. Sparta and the Peloponnesian League
Resulted in the slowing of cultural advance and the weakening of political power
Sparta began the war and was the victor

26. Phillip II, King of Macedon
50 years after the Peloponnesian War small battles between Sparta and Athens weakened Greece
Philip once a prisoner of Greece used his time to learn about Greek military tactics
Used this knowledge to conquered most of Greece
Advanced phalynx
Murdered and his son, Alexander the Great takes control

27. Alexander the Great
Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the Margins of India
Extended Greek cultural influence

28. Hellenistic Age
Blending of Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences in Greece
Blend of Greek and oriental elements
Spread of Hellenistic culture through trade