1. By : Brittany, Colleen, Jackie, and Laura
Latin America
By : Brittany, Colleen, Jackie, and Laura

2. Latin American Countries
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Columbia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecaudor
Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela

3. Argentina Argentina fought for their independence from 1810 to 1818.
The country was led by Manuel Belgrano and Jose de San Martin.
A group met in San Miguel de Tucuman and declared their full independence from Spain on July 9, 1816.

4. Bolivia The struggle to gain independence from Spain began in 1809.
After 16 years, Bolivia’s republic declared independence on August 6, 1825.
Simon Bolivar led them to independence.

5. Brazil Brazil was ruled by Portugal until their independence.
They gained their independence in 1824 but have formally been a republic since 1889.

6. Chile Jose de San Martin led Chile to their independence.
They gained their independence from Spain on February 12, 1818 under O’Higgins’ lead.

7. Colombia
Colombia declared independence from Spain July 20, 1810 with Simon Bolivar as the first president.
Their independence was recognized August 7, 1819 when Santander was president.

8. Costa Rica
Costa Rica joined with other provinces in 1821 to declare their independence from Spain.
Costa Rica was a state in the Federal Republic of Central America from 1823 to 1839.
Although in 1838, they claimed themselves a sovereign.

9. Cuba Cuba declared independence from Spain on October 10, 1868.
Although, under the Treaty of Paris in 1898, Spain had lost Cuba to the United States.
Cuba gained their formal independence on May 20, 1902.

10. Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic declared their independence from Haiti on February 27,1844.

11. Ecuador
Ecuador gained their independence from Spain on August 10, 1822.
They joined Simon Bolivar’s Republic of Gran Columbia to become a republic in 1830.

12. El Salvador
El Salvador gained their independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.

13. Guatemala
Guatemala declared it’s independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.

14. Haiti
Haiti declared their independence from France on January 1, 1804.

15. Honduras
Honduras was granted independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.

16. Mexico
Priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence from Spain on September 16, 1810.

17. Nicaragua
Nicaragua joined the Mexican Empire and later gained independence as a United Province of Central America on September 15, 1821.

18. Panama
Panama gained their independence from Spain on September 28, 1821.
They gained their independence from Columbia on November 3, 1903.

19. Paraguay
Paraguay declared independence from Spain on May 14, 1811.

20. Peru
Peru gained their independence from Spain on July 18, 1821 with great thanks to Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar.

21. Uruguay
The Thirty-Three Orientals ,that were led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence from Brazil on August 25, 1825.

22. Venezuela
Francisco de Miranda declared independence from Spain on July 5, 1811.

23. Latin American Revolutions
Haiti( )
Ecuador( )
Bolivia( )
Argentina( )
Chile( )
Colombia( )
México( )
Paraguay(1811)
Venezuela( )
Perú(1821)
Brazil(1822)

24. Haiti Revolution Background Fight for Freedom
There was nearly 500,00 enslaved Africans in Haiti.
Most of these slaves worked on plantations and greatly outnumbered their masters.
To keep the slaves “powerless” the white masters would had brutal methods of discipline.
In august of 1791 an Africa priest Boukman called for revolt. Within days 100,000 slaves revolted.
Their leader was Toussain L’Ouverture who became a skilled general and diplomat.
Toussaint’s first move was to go to Spanish Santo Domingo, take control, and free all the slaves.

25. Haiti Revolution Continued…
Fight For Freedom Continued
The Independence
16,000 French troops came to Saint Domingo to depose Toussaint’s in January of 1802.
He agreed to pause the revolution if they ended slavery.
He was later accused of another uprising and was sent to prison in the French Alps.
In April 1803, he died in the cold jail.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines took over were Toussaint ha finished.
The general declared the colony an independent country on January 1 of 1804.
It was the first black colony to gain independence from Europe’s control.
Dessalines called it Haiti because it meant mountainous land in the native Arawak language.

26. Moving Towards Freedom
Mexico Revolution
Moving Towards Freedom
Miguel Hidalgo, a poor yet well-educated man, took the first step in 1810.
He rang the bells at his church on September 16, 1810 , and when the peasants arrived he ordered a rebellion(grito de Delores).
His forces of 60,000 marched to Mexico city although the Spanish army and creoles had defeated him 1811.
Jose Maria Morelos took his place and led the revolution for 4 more years.
In 1815 he was defeated by the Creole officer, Augustin de Iturbide.

27. Mexico’s Revolution Continued…
Mexico’s Independence
The creoles were afraid they would lose their privileges and decided to join the support for independence from Spain.
Augustin de Iturbide surprisingly made peace with the last rebel leader.
Iturbide proclaimed the independence in 1815.

28. Brazil’s Revolution
In 1809 Napoleon wanted to invade both Spain and Portugal in hope to close the ports from British shipping.
When French troops got to Lisbon, Prince John , his royal family, the court and royal treasury all left and settled in Portugal’s biggest colony, Brazil.
In 1815, after Napoleon's defeat, the Portuguese government wanted to become a colony again.
In 1822, creoles order for Brazil’s independence from the rule of Portugal.

29. Brazil’s Revolution Continued…
8,000 Brazilians signed a petition that made Dom Pedro( King John’s son) their ruler.
It was Dom Pedro who officially declared Brazil’s independence on September 7, 1822.

31. Bibliography
"Latin American revolutions." Home. 23 Apr <
"Latinam." Honolulu Community College. 23 Apr <
McDougal Littell world history patterns of interaction. Evanston, Ill: McDougal Littell, 1999.