1. Sustainable Adaptive Gradients in the Coastal Environment 2015 Welcome to Jamaica Dale Webber

2. Participating Islands 2 Professor Dale Webber UWI

3. Third-largest island of the Greater Antilles.Greater Antilles 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, lies about 145 kilometres south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Haiti.Cuba Jamaica is the fifth-largest island

4. More than a Beach

5. Old and new building

6. Famous Sons & Daughters

7. JAMAICA…the Island

8. Marine territory is now approximately 161,000 Km 2 i.e. 24 times the land area of mainland Jamaica = Archipelagic state JAMAICA…an Island?

9. Diverse Jamaican community types 1.Wet Limestone Forest 2.Dry Limestone Forest 3.Thorn Scrub 4.Cactus Thorn Scrub 5.Strand Woodland 6.Lower Montane Rain Forest 7.Montane Mist Forest 8.Elfin Woodland 9.Montane Sclerophyll 10.Herbaceous Swamp 11.Mangrove Woodland 12.Marsh Forest

10. Jamaica’s Biodiversity at a glance. Over 8,000 species recorded Ranked 5 th among worlds islands in endemic species GroupNo. of SpeciesEndemics Plants (Flowering /ferns/lichens) >600028% Butterflies>12015? Frogs1917 Breeding birds Migrant birds 113 100 28 Mammals22 (21 bats)4?

11. Port Royal and environs

12. Port Royal and environs over 1000 species recorded TaxonNumber of Species Macroalgae98+ Porifera54+ Cnidaria156+ Ctenophora4 Platyhelminthes3+ Annelida26+ Crustacea158+ Mollusca295 Bryozoa18+ Chaetognatha3 Echinodermata81 Hemichordata2 Chordata228-278+ Goodbody, 2004

14. Integrated threat from local activities: today Low MediumHigh Very High

15. Integrated local and global threat: 2030 Low MediumHigh Critical Very High

16. Integrated local and global threat: 2050 Low MediumHigh Critical Very High

17. Social and economic vulnerability to reef degradation

18. Socioeconomic impacts: Increased loss of property and coastal habitats Increased flood risk and potential loss of life Damage to coastal protection works and other infrastructure Increased disease risk Loss of renewable and subsistence resources Loss of tourism, recreation, and transportation functions Impacts on agriculture and aquaculture through decline in soil and water quality.

19. Change in water level at shore due to reef degradation

20. 25-year storm scenario Property Affected: Current reef – 39 buildings Degraded Reef – 154 buildings, including 2 hotels, church, airfield

21. Environmental Treaties & Convention

22. Jamaica Jamaica is a key partner to over 40 International and Regional Multilateral Environmental Agreements. 19 are directly related to Climate Change.

23. NRCA Act 1991 Beach Control Act 1956 Morant & Pedro Cays Act 1904 Wild Life Protection Act 1945 Mining Act 1947 Tourist Board Act 1955 Town and Country Planning Act 1958 Urban Development Corporation Act 1968 Port Authority Act 1972 Fishing Industry Act 1975 Harbours Act 1976 Quarries Control Act 1983 Litter Act 1986 Watersheds Protection Act 1963 Jamaican Legislation 23 important Acts/Laws

24. Jamaican Legislation Jamaica Maritime Institute Act 1992 Water Resources Act 1995 Pesticide Amendment Act 1996 EEZ Act 1991 Maritime Areas Act 1996 Forest Act 1996 Shipping Act 1998 ODPEM Act 1998 Endangered Species Act 2000

25. Klotzbach and grAy 2012 Professor Dale Webber UWI25

27. 27 Professor Dale Webber UWI

28. 28Professor Dale Webber UWI

29. Road construction?

30. 30Professor Dale Webber UWI

31. Kingston Harbour Physical structure

33. Portmore develpment

34. 10 year storm surge

35. 25 year storm surge

36. 50 year storm surge

37. 100 year storm surge

38. SAGE 2015 field visits Kingston Harbour Portmore City development