1. Sexual Reproduction Original work from “Applied Technologies” edited and used with permission by Dr. Teri Hamlin

2. Table of Contents §Introduction to Plant Propagation §Sexual Propagation §Asexual Propagation l Stem, Leaf, Cuttings l Layering l Separation & Division l Tissue Culture l Budding and Grafting

3. Introduction What is Plant Propagation? §The multiplication of plants by both sexual and asexual means §Requires a knowledge of plants and how to manipulate them. §Can be considered an art-form.

4. Sexual Propagation What is it? §The propagation of plants from SEEDS §The most common type of propagation §In order for one to be successful using this method, one must understand various details about seeds and how they work

5. What is a seed? §A seed is a whole plant in miniature surrounded by a seed coat. §It is a ripened flower ovule.

6. Seed Composition §3 parts of a seed: Seed Coat Endosperm Embryo (Protects the embryonic plant.) (Food storage tissue) (The new plant)

7. Viability & Longevity §If a seed is viable it will germinate and grow normally §Longevity is how long the seed will remain viable §Influences of viability l species ---woody (5-7 years) --- succulent (1-3 years) l Storage Conditions -- 40-45 degrees F l Time

8. In order for germination to take place: §The seed must be ripe (ripe when it falls off the tree/plant/bush §Dormancy requirement must be met.

9. Dormancy Requirements

10. (Seed Coat Dormancy) §Overcome by scarification §3 methods - Mechanical treatment - Hot water treatment - Sulfuric Acid treatment

11. §photodormancy §thermodormancy §biochemical dormancy

12. Stratification §Seed must experience: 1. warm, dry period 2. cool, moist period --- 60-90 days at 40-45 degrees F 3. warm moist period

13. Selection of Seeds §ID locally grown seeds §Select certified seeds -have been tested for germination ability and purity. §Choose hybrid seeds for greater vigor §Select primed seeds

14. Indirect vs. Direct Seeding §plants sown indoors §plants must be transplanted §tomatoes, peppers, eggplant §seeded directly into permanent growing area §most economical method §corn, melons, beans, beets, peas, etc..