1. Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration FAA GNSS Program Plans and Status Institute of Navigation NTM Leo Eldredge, FAA GNSS Group January 28, 2008

2. ION NTM 2 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Agenda Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Status Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Status Future Considerations

3. ION NTM 3 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 FAA Satellite Navigation Vision

4. ION NTM 4 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Architecture 38 Reference Stations 3 Master Stations 4 Ground Earth Stations 2 Geostationary Satellite Links 2 Operational Control Centers

5. ION NTM 5 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Performance * Use of GPS vertical not authorized for aviation without augmentation (SBAS or GBAS) WAAS Performance evaluated based on a total of 1,761 million samples (or 20,389 user days) GPS Standard GPS Actual WAAS LPV-200 Standard WAAS LPV-200 Actual Horizontal 95%36 m2.74 m16 m1.08 m Vertical 95%77 m*3.89 m4 m1.26 m

6. WAAS Enterprise Schedule FLP Segment (Phase II) LPV-200 Segment (Phase III) Dual Frequency (Phase IV) Inmarsat GEO #3 – Intelsat GEO #4 – TeleSat GEO #5 – TBD GEO #6 – TBD Approach Development 04050607080910111213141516 17181920212223242526272829 30 FY DevelopmentOperational Technical Refresh Operational JRC Lease Extension 9/06 Launch 10/05 Operational Launch 9/05 Operational Launch 7/12 Operational Launch 7/15 ~6,000 WAAS Procedure Development Technical Refresh Operational JRC FOC

7. ION NTM 7 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Phases Phase I: IOC (July 2003) –Provided LNAV/VNAV/Limited LPV Capability Phase II: Full LPV (2003 – 2008) –Improved LPV availability in CONUS and Alaska –Consists of additional WRS, hardware updates, software optimization, improved human factors, and GEO replacement Phase III: Full LPV-200 (Cat I ILS Equivalent) Performance (2009 – 2013) –Development, modifications, and enhancements to include tech refresh –Steady state operations and maintenance Phase IV: Dual Frequency Operations (2014 – 2028) –Scheduled to align with DoD’s GPS Modernization Program (L5) –Provide additional protection against unintentional GPS interference –Will significantly improve availability and continuity during severe solar activity –WAAS will continue to support current single frequency users

8. ION NTM 8 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GEO Satellite Improvements Phase I – IOC –Inmarsat Satellites AOR-W – 54W POR – 178E –AOR-W Moved to 142W –Leases Expired July 2007 Phase II - FLP –New GEOs Intelsat (Galaxy XV) – 133W Telesat Canada (Anik F1R) – 107W –Operational July 2007 –10 Year Lease Telesat 107  W PanAmSat 133  W Original AOR/W Position 54  W POR 178  E New AOR/W Position 142  W

9. ION NTM 9 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS LPV Coverage - Initial Operating Capability -

10. WAAS LPV Coverage - Current 2008 -

11. WAAS RNP Coverage - Current -

12. ION NTM 12 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Avionics Status Total WAAS avionics receivers sold ~25,000 Approximately 40% of ~120,000 IFR equipped GA aircraft are equipped with Garmin receivers –GNS-400/500 series new and upgrades available –G-1000 becoming WAAS upgradeable Flight Management System Interface more complicated, hence slower to the market –Rockwell-Collins: Providing both TSO WAAS enabled multimode receivers and WAAS FMS sensors. Expecting CRJ/Canadair 604 STC approval in FY‘08 –CMC: FAA Tech Center’s Global 5000 aircraft to integrate CMC WAAS sensor into Honeywell Primus 2000 FMS by December 2008. –Universal Avionics: WAAS-enabled capability in dual thread UNS-1 FMS TSO. Supports: Helicopters, Turboprops, Business jets, regional aircraft, air transport aircraft retrofits, FAA’s two Citations XLs

13. ION NTM 13 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Avionics Status Cont’d Southwest Airlines –“Southwest Airlines will equip more than 200 Boeing 737 legacy aircraft with Rockwell Collins' Global Positioning System GPS-4000S for Required Navigational Performance (RNP) operations. Installation begins in 2008.” 1 – “Rockwell Collins' GPS-4000S sensor and associated Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) antenna will allow improved availability and integrity of GPS navigation. Additionally, WAAS provides service for all classes of aircraft in all flight operations, including en route navigation, airport departures and airport arrivals. “ 2 FedEx Express –Currently equipping 253 Cessna Caravan Aircraft with GNS-530W WAAS avionics and GMX-200 multi-function displays –Starting to equip 48 Q400s with Universal UNS-1F avionics 1,2 Rockwell Collins Press Release, January 15, 2008: Southwest selects Rockwell Collins' GPS system for RNP operations

14. ION NTM 14 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Instrument Approach Services WAAS ½ GPS WAAS LAAS LNAV

15. ION NTM 15 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GPS/WAAS Approach Procedures LPVs 995 LNAV/VNAVs1121 LNAVs4225 LP procedure criteria under development for use at runways where obstacles prevent a vertically guided approach

16. ION NTM 16 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 WAAS Approaches Today Each dot represents an airport with an LPV and/or LNAV/VNAV minima on an RNAV (GPS) instrument approach procedure (As of: July 12, 2007)

17. ION NTM 17 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Precision Approach For Category I, II & III Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport Terminal Area Procedures for Arrival and Departure

18. ION NTM 18 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Current Activities Integrity Analysis and Prototype Development GBAS System Design Approval (SDA) Process GBAS/LAAS Operational Implementation International Cooperation and Development CAT-III Research & Development Activities

19. ION NTM 19 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 LAAS Category-I Activities Integrity Analysis and Prototype Development –Probability of Hazardously Misleading Information (HMI) Analysis Expected to Complete in March 2008 GBAS System Design Approval (SDA) Process –Honeywell Developing Certified Hardware and Software to Implement the FAA-approved Category-I Design –Airservices Australia Funding Development Activities –FAA Supporting Technical Reviews and Design Assurance for Non- Federal Approval GBAS/LAAS Operational Implementation –First Site Approval at Memphis in Late 2008 –FedEx Applicant for Special Approval International Cooperation and Development –Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) with AsA, AENA, DFS –Parallel Implementation of Cat-I Systems

20. ION NTM 20 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Category II/III Plan Requirements Development –Coordinate With ICAO/NSP and RTCA/WG-4 –Publish Draft MOPS and GF Specification ~ December 2008 Objective is to Optimize Performance and Integrity Allocations Between LAAS Ground Facility and Auto-Land Equipped Aircraft Prototyping and Validation –Develop CAT-II/III Prototype LGF and User Avionics by ~2010 Validate Implementation of the Integrity Design and Allocations –Complete Non-Federal System Design Approval by ~2012

21. ION NTM 21 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Future Considerations GNSS Modernization –GPS Dual Frequency (L1/L5) Service Provides Foundation –Potential for Larger or Multiple GNSS Constellations –User Equipment Standards Development for New Signals WAAS Dual Frequency Upgrade –Level of Dual Frequency Integration Required and the Impact on the Current System Established GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study (GEAS) to Investigate Long Range Planning for Dual Frequency GPS –Objective: Develop Architectural Alternatives to Provide Worldwide LPV-200 Service in the ~2025-2030 Timeframe –Satisfaction of Aviation Integrity Requirements as a Most Challenging Aspect Based on Experience with WAAS/ LAAS –Participation With The GPS Wing, DoD National Security Space Office (NSSO), DOT Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), and the Joint Planning & Development Office (JPDO) for NextGen

22. ION NTM 22 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GEAS Panel Geoff HarrisG-Wing/Aerospace Karl ShallbergGREI Boris PervanIIT John DobyneG-WIng/ARINC Karl KovachG-Wing/Aerospace Willie BertigerJPL Young LeeMITRE JP FernowMITRE Frank Van GrassOhio University Juan BlanchStanford University Per Enge (Co-Chair)Stanford University Todd WalterStanford University Pat ReddanZeta Associates Deane Bunce (Co-Chair)FAA ATO-W Leo EldredgeFAA ATO-W Deborah LawrenceFAA ATO-W Calvin MilesFAA ATO-W Kevin BridgesFAA AVS Hamza AbduselamFAA AVS Tom McHughFAA ATO-P Bill WannerFAA ATO-P David SchoonenbergNSSO Mike DavidNSSO Karen Van DykeRITA/Volpe Navin MathurGPS TAC

23. ION NTM 23 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GEAS Architecture Options Architectural Paradigms in the GEAS –GNSS Integrity Channel (GIC) –Relative RAIM (RRAIM) –Absolute RAIM (ARAIM) 6 Second Time to Alarm (TTA) Requirement Presents Significant Challenge for Any Architecture Providing Worldwide Service for Aviation Alternatives Trade the Degree of Aircraft Based Augmentation (ABAS), Constellation Geometric Robustness, User Range Accuracy, and Corrections/Integrity Augmentation

24. ION NTM 24 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GNSS Integrity Channel (GIC) User Avionics –No RAIM/FDE Required – WAAS/SBAS extension –Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation Ground Segment Monitor Network –Externally Monitor and Detect All SV Faults That Affect the User –Requires Monitoring Network Capable of Continuous Monitoring of All GNSS Satellites From At Least Two Locations –Network Latency to Support Time to Alarm of 6 Seconds Signal-In-Space –Corrections & Integrity Messages –Data Rate Comparable to SBAS Broadcast of 250 bps –Broadcast Via GEOs Or Other Suitable Means Space Segment – Nominal 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS

25. ION NTM 25 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Most recent monitored position with corresponding HPL and VPL Propagate the most recent monitored position with carrier phase only Growth in HPL and VPL due to RAIM on the carrier phase-based delta position updates  VPL  HPL From Prof. van Graas, Ohio University Relative RAIM: Range Rate Residuals

26. ION NTM 26 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Relative RAIM: Range Rate Residuals User Avionics –Integrity/Correction Messages Provide Starting Point –Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation –RRAIM Algorithms Check Residuals Between Carrier Phase Measurements and Estimated Change in Position Ground Segment Monitor Network –Requires Monitoring Network Capable of Continuous Monitoring of All GPS Satellites From At Least Two Locations –Time to Alarm of Up to 10 Minutes is Tolerable Signal-In-Space Broadcast –RRAIM Coasting Enables Slow Integrity/Correction Messages –Suitable for SBAS GEOs, Possibly GNSS Messages or Other Low Data Rate Alternatives Space Segment –Viable for Constellation of 27 or More (note 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS)

27. ION NTM 27 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Absolute RAIM: Range Residuals Avionics –Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring as the Primary Integrity Solution –Dual Frequency (L1/L5) – Ionosphere Delay Estimation Ground Segment Monitor Network –Continuous Monitoring of All GPS Satellites From At Least Two Locations –Update error variance and mean for each Satellite –Time to alarm of 1 or more hours is tolerable Signal-In-Space –Reliability Estimates (a Priori Probability) for Each SV –Broadcast Via GNSS or GEO Messages Space Segment –Requires 30 or More GNSS SVs (note 24 SV Commitment is Included in the SPS PS)

28. ION NTM 28 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Preliminary Results Constellation Architecture24 minus 12427 minus 12730 minus 130 GIC86.6%100%97.8%100% RRAIM with 30 s coasting 81.2%99.4%96.8%100% RRAIM with 60 s coasting 74.4%98.5%92.8%100% RRAIM with 300 s coasting 28.0%76.1%52.3%99.6%93.9%100% ARAIM7.80%44.7%30.6%94.1%90.5%100%

29. ION NTM 29 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 GEAS Next Steps Complete Phase 1 Report –Final Draft in Coordination, Release in February Establish Phase 2 Work Plan –More Detailed Analysis of Each Architecture Alternative –Address three major areas: trade space refinement; integrity performance analysis; and transition strategy Avionics Requirements and Monitoring Algorithms Ground System Monitoring Requirements and Algorithms Further Assessment of Constellation Variations Assess Multiple Constellation Considerations

30. ION NTM 30 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Summary WAAS Program Nearing Full Operational Capability (FOC) for FLP Service –Operational Implementation Activities Continue Procedures and Avionics –In-Service Management and Operations –Engineering Studies to Prepare for GPS Modernization LAAS Continues Under Research & Development –Category-I System Design Approval Planned for 2008 –Category-II/III Will Expected to Progress Through 2012 GEAS Assessing Architectural Approach for Dual Frequency User Era

31. ION NTM 31 Federal Aviation Administration January 28, 2008 Questions