1. Basic Classification - Zoology

2. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

3. Kingdomsphyla Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phylaclasses Phyla are subdivided into classes Classesorders Classes are subdivided into orders Ordersfamilies Orders are subdivided into families Families genera Families are divided into genera Generaspecies Genera contain closely related species Species is unique Thus, Categories within Kingdoms

4. How to remember? n Ken Poured Coffee On Fred’s Good Shirt. KP CO F GS n Or how about this one...... n King Phillip Calls Opal For Great Soup. Easier for your brain to remember one sentence that 8 individual words

5. We only know a fraction of all the organisms that exist or have existed on Earth. Taxonomists give a unique scientific name to each species they know about whether it’s alive today or extinct. Scientific Names

6. n The scientific name comes from one of two “dead” languages – Latin or ancient Greek. Why use a dead language? They are static – don’t change

7. So Why Use a Scientific Name? Maybe if we use an example using an animal you know.

8. Mountain Lion

9. Devil Cat

10. Ghost Cat

11. Screaming Cat

12. Puma

13. Florida Panther

14. Cougar

15. There are at least 50 common names for the animal shown on the previous 7 slides. Common names vary according to region. Soooo……why use a scientific name? It is unique for that organism!

16. Scientific Names n Helps eliminate confusion as to which organism you are dealing with. n Thus the Mountain Lion is known as... Felis concolor

17. Scientific Names n ManHomo sapiens n DogCanis familiaris n White Oak TreeQuercus alba n House CatFelis cattus The Rules of the Name n Always binominal (2 parts) –Genus and species n Underline or italics n Capitalize genus, species lower case

18. Many (maybe even most) classification systems use... n 2 main domains –Archaebacteria –Everything else –Along with 5 kingdoms

19. The Five Kingdom System n Monera n Protista n Fungi n Animalia n Plantae

20. Small Things in All Kingdoms But Mostly Protists and Monera

21. Big Things in 3 Kingdoms

22. Monera Kingdom n Unicellular n Unicellular,microscopic n No nucleus –Prokaryotic n Most Heterotrophic –Saprophytic or parasitic –Bacteria –Bacteria, Archaea n Some Autotrophic –Cyanobacteria

23. Protista Kingdom n Generally single celled n Generally single celled; microscopic n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or heterotrophic AmoebaEuglena

24. Fungi Kingdom n Generally multi celled n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Made up of hyphae n No root, stem and leaf n Heterotrophic –Saprophytic or parasitic n Sessile –not move n Reproduce by forming spores

25. Plantae Kingdom n Generally multi celled n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic –photosynthesis n Sessile –Not move n Can be divided into.. –Non-flowering plants –Flowering plants

26. Animalia Kingdom n Generally multi celled n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Heterotrophic n Mobile n Divided into 9 major phyla –Need to be able to identify by sight

27. Animal Kingdom n We are going to focus on the Animal kingdom and learn more about - n If I have a backbone I am a: –VERTEBRATE If I do not have a backbone I am an: - INVERTEBRATE

28. The following are the nine major you will need to know for the team test

29. 1. Porifera (Sponges) Don't have mouths pores in their outer walls have tiny pores in their outer walls through which water is drawn. Cells in the sponge walls Cells filter foodfrom the water Cells filter food from the water Water is pumped through the body unidirectionaly

30. 2.Coelenterata / Cnidaria Comb jellies, corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, sea pens, and freshwater hydra. Radially symmetrical One opening One opening Mouth is surrounded by tentacles Mouth is surrounded by tentacles that are used to capture food, and opens into a cavity which is used for digestion. Specialized stinging cells

31. 3. Platyhelmethes (Flatworm) Long and flattened body Free living or parasitic One opening

32. Nematode 4. Nematode (Roundworms) Long, cylindrical and body Most of them are parasites

33. 5. Annelida (segmented worms) Long and segmented body Have chaetae for locomotion Two openings (mouth & anus)

34. 6. Molluscs Snails, slugs, squid, octopi, and bivalves Softun-segmented body Soft and un-segmented body Most covered by a hard shell

35. Arthropoda 7. Arthropoda Segmented bodySegmented body exoskeleton pairs of jointed legsHave a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs Divided into 4 classes - Crustaceans - Arachnids - Myriapods - Insects

36. 8. Echinodermata Starfish, Brittle Stars, Sea Urchins & Sea Cucumbers 5-radiaMarine animals with 5-radial plan body external spines Have external spines

37. 9. Chordata n Notochord n Bilateral symmetry n All Vertebrates and a few inverts are included in this group

38. Which kingdom does each organism belong to?

39. The Insect Orders n Most diverse group of animals on the planet –Arthropods – 3 body segments & exoskeleton

40. The Insect Orders Know These n 1.Orthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets) n 2.Coleoptera (beetles) n 3. Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths) n 4. Diptera (flies & mosquitoes) n 5. Hymenoptera (ants, wasps & bees) n 6. Hemiptera (true bugs – stink bug, boxelder) n 7. Homoptera (sub order of Hemiptera) (aphids & cicadas) n 8. Odonata (dragonflies) n 9. Isoptera (termites) n 10. Ephemeroptera (mayflies and shadflies “short lived”) n 11. Plecoptera – (stoneflies) n 12. Mecoptera – (scorpionflies) n 13. Trichoptera – (caddisflies)

41. 1. Orthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets) n Two pairs of wings n Hind wing is membranous –held under the forewings when at rest. n Mandibulate mouth parts n Large compound eyes, n Hind legs are elongated for jumping. Katydid Grasshopper Cricket

42. The Common Field Cricket Ovipositor – for laying eggs

43. 2. Coleopetra (beetles) n Hardened shield- like forewings protect flying wings n 3 segments usually easy to ID. Lady Bug Japanese Beetle Giant Click Beetle

44. 3. Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths) n 2 pairs of large showy wings n Caterpillar n Butterflies –daytime n Moths –mostly night Monarch Butterfly Sulfur or Cabbage Butterfly Skipper Butterfly Hawk Moth

45. Lunar Moth Polyphemus Moth Clearwing Hummingbird Moth

46. 4. Diptera (flies & mosquitoes) n 1 pair wings n Large eyes n Maggot Flesh Fly House Fly Mosquito

47. 5. Hymenoptera (ants, wasps & bees) n 2 pairs wings n Narrow waist n stinger Bumble Bee Ant Honey Bee Wasp Paper Wasp Pest

48. 6. Hemiptera (true bugs) n Triangular shield on back n Wings Sting Bug Wheel Bug

49. 7. Homoptera (aphids & cicadas)

50. 8. Odonata (dragonflies & damselflies) n Large active hunters n 2 pairs wings n Fast fliers n Large eyes

51. 9. Isoptera (termites)

52. 10. Ephemeroptera - mayflies Insects in the order Ephemeroptera usually live in water as a nymph or larvae for a year or more and then emerge as an adult and live for a matter of hours or days Notice the three tails on adult and nymph. Mayflies have three and stoneflies have two.

53. Plecoptera – (stoneflies) All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution and their presence in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.water pollution Note the two “tails” – stoneflies have two “tails” while mayflies have three

54. Mecoptera – (scorpionflies) “scorpionflies” and “hanging flies” Mecopterans are overwhelmingly predators or consumers of dead organisms

55. Trichoptera – (caddisflies) The larvae of many species make protective cases of silk decorated with gravel, sand, twigs or other debris. The name "Trichoptera" comes from Greek: θρίξ (thrix, "hair") + πτερόν (pteron, "wing").Greekθρίξπτερόν