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Albert Bandura and Observational Learning What things did you have to watch/observe in order to learn? Module 17: Observational Learning
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Learning by observing and watching others (the model) Model In observational learning, the person whose behavior the subject watches and imitates Modeling The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
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Albert Bandura (1925- ) American psychologist who has done major studies in observational learning Studies the consequences a model has on subjects Bobo Doll experiments
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The Bobo Doll Experiments Child is playing in a room when an adult in the room begins a series of violent behaviors…to a Bobo Doll. –While beating Bobo, the adult would shout things like, “sock him in the nose…Hit him down…kick him”. Next kids went to a play room with lots of toys. When kid was happily playing the researcher would make them stop b/c cool toys were for other kids Frustrated child not taken to another room with few toys – including Bobo. –How do you think the child behaved towards Bobo? Child shown aggressive behavior earlier mimicked exact behavior.
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Bobo Doll Experiment
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Testing Vicarious Learning What are the effects of consequences delivered to the model…would it effect the observer??? Vicarious learning: –Learning by seeing the consequence of another’s behavior Bandura made a film of adult beating Bobo to show children; were three endings researchers could chose from: –1. Adult model is praised. –2. Adult model is punished. –3. The model receives neither a reward or punishment. How will these children's behavior differ?
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Results After viewing the video, each group of children spent time with the Bobo doll. –Group #1: behaved most aggressively in the play room. –Group #2: behaved least aggressively. Has Vicarious learning taken place?
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Modeling Requirements Bandura suggests four requirements for effective modeling to occur: –Attention –Retention –Ability to reproduce the behavior –Motivation
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Observational Learning in Everyday Life Module 17: Observational Learning
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Anti-social/Pro-social Behavior Anti-social behavior - negative, destructive unhelpful behavior Pro-social behavior – positive, constructive, helpful behavior Both types of behavior can be modeled effectively. –What do we call model’s of pro-social behavior? Examples of celebrities who are in between?
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Observational Learning of Violence From the Media Can you think of any violent shows or video games you have played/seen? Could observational learning take place? Could vicarious learning take place? Module 17: Observational Learning
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http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=zerCK0lRjp8
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