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Cities dirty needles, unsafe blood transfusions more sexual partners greater mobility How Did HIV Spread?
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Jet travel
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How Did HIV Spread?
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HIV spread silently around the world for fifty years 1930s 1981 How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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June 5, 1981 Five cases Los Angeles pneumocystis pneumonia 30 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 250 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00043494.htm How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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=APB all points bulletin
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November 5, 1982 Just 17 months after the first LA cases Similar pattern: hepatitis B Possible cause: unidentified bloodborne agent 31 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report at 577 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index82.html How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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December 10, 1982 1 month later Infant: multiple blood transfusions developed AIDS Donor had developed AIDS 31 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report at 652 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index82.html How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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And six months later? How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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June 1983 French announce: New bloodborne pathogen How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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2008 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Françoise Barré-SinoussiLuc Montagnier How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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ARV HTLV-III LAV How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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June 1981 June 1983 24 months How was the Epidemic Discovered?
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HIVisbloodborne
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People living with HIV & AIDS The Law Discrimination: same civil rights have the as all persons living with serious illness. Mainstreaming Principle
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Universal precautions: How We Protect Others The Law Workplace Safety: Treat all blood, at all times, from all sources, as if it is infectious.
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Heightened privacy protections How -- and Why -- We Specially Protect People with HIV The Law Privacy and Confidentiality: from other people’s fear and stigma. people living with HIV & AIDS to protect
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HIV is Bloodborne DiscriminationPrivacy and Confidentiality Workplace Safety The Law
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AIDS/HIV contagious new stigma sexuality race death Epidemics Brief Golden Age of Infectious Disease Control 1955 - 1981
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Paramedics Should HIV information be broadcast? Case Study #1:
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Discrimination Workplace Safety Case Study #1:Paramedics
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Privacy and Confidentiality Workplace Safety Case Study #1:Paramedics
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Privacy and Confidentiality Discrimination Case Study #1:Paramedics
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Can dentists refuse to treat persons with HIV because of the risk to others? Dentist Staff Other patients DentistsCase Study #2:
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Workplace Safety: Case Study #2:Dentists Universal precautions: Treat all blood, at all times, from all sources, as if it is infectious.
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But... What if there’s an accident??? Cut off your hand? Jump out the window? Case Study #2:Dentists
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Early 1980s:200 HCWs died each year HBV Late 1980s: HIV seroconversion rate 1: 2.5 seroconversion rate 1: post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) “remote risk” Case Study #2:Dentists 250 lowered further by
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US Supreme Court: School Board of Nassau County v. Arline “significant risk” “remote risk” 480 U.S. 273 (1987) Case Study #2:Dentists
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524 U.S. 624 (1998) Bragdon v. Abbott Courts should defer to the reasoned judgement of public health officials, Case Study #2:Dentists US Supreme Court: not the unsupported judgment of a single dentist.
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© 2002 - 2009 CITY OF LOS ANGELES
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