1. Action Research Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle:

2. Learning is a tension and conflict-related process. Four abilities are needed to learn:  concrete experience  reflective observation  abstract conceptualisation  active experimentation Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. (Kolb, 1984; p 38)

3. Action Research Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle: Accommodators Convergers Divergers Assimilators doers engineers people researchers planners

4. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle Effectiveness requires four types of learning:  Become completely and openly involved, without bias, in new (concrete) experiences  Use different perspectives to observe and reflect on those experiences  Integrate these observations to create abstract concepts that form logical theories  Apply those theories in decision-making and problem-solving situations Converging Accommodating Assimilating Diverging

5. Concrete Experience Feeling Reflective Observation Watching Abstract Conceptualisation Thinking Active Experimentation Doing

6. Concrete Experience Feeling Reflective Observation Watching Abstract Conceptualisation Thinking Active Experimentation Doing Personal involvement; intuition; open-minded and adaptable. Relating to people; sensitive to moods in situations. Patience, objectivity, and judgment; personal thoughts and feelings. Careful observation and seeing through multiple perspectives. Meaning. Logical and intellectual; systematic planning, elaboration of ideas, and theory- model- development. Practical, experimenting; getting things done. Risk-taking. Influence through action.

7. Cady & Castor Cummings & Worley Barker & Barker Argyris McLean & Sullivan Lewin Problem Identification Consultation Data Gathering & Preliminary Diagnosis Feedback Joint Diagnosis Joint Action Planning TransferLoop to Feedback Adoption & Separation Stabilisation & Exit EvaluateEvaluation Intervention Evaluation Follow-up Data Gathering After Action InterveneActionIntervention Feedback & Intervention Action Diagnosis Data Gathering Feedback to Client Group Data Discussion & Plans for Adjustment Collecting Data Entry Background Key Stakeholders Start-Up Control Formulating & Implementing Strategy Broad Fact Finding Diagnosis Implementation Continued Learning Implementation Assessment & Feedback Action Planning Action Research – Comparison Table Cady & Castor, 2000.