1. 1 Computer Software Unit C

2. 2 Objectives Introduce Computer Software Explain How Computers Interpret Software Explore Operating Systems Compare Operating Systems Define Document Production Software Define Spreadsheet Software

3. 3 Objectives Define Database Management Software Define Graphics Software Define Business and Science Software Define Entertainment and Education Software Understand Licenses and Copyrights

4. 4 Software Categories System Software Application Software

5. 5 System Software OperatingSystemsDeviceDriversUtilitiesProgrammingLanguages DOS Windows Linux UNIX Mac OS

6. 6 Application Software DocumentProduction SpreadsheetSoftware Accounting & Finance MathematicalModeling Statistical Entertainment DataManagement Graphics Music VideoEducational Reference

7. 7 Software Topics Computer program –main executable program (.exe) Support module –called by the program (.dll) Data module –Example: a dictionary file or a file that is not supplied by the user

8. 8 How Computers Interpret Software Computer programmers write instructions for programs Most businesses purchase software instead of writing their own

9. 9 How Computers Interpret Software Computer languages –Source code –High-level languages: COBOL, C++, Java Machine language Compiler –Creates object code in single batch Interpreter –Converts one instruction at a time –Common with web-based scripts (part of web page)

10. 10 Operating Systems Interacts with application software, device drivers & hardware to manage computers resources Multitasking GUI (graphical user interface) Utilities Bootstrap program is stored in ROM

11. 11 Operating System Categories Single user: PCs and handhelds Multi-user: mainframes or centralized computer processing Network/Server: serves as router to local computer processing Desktop: desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but could handle networking

12. 12 Operating Systems Microsoft Windows –80% of PCs Mac OS UNIX –dependable in multi-user environment Linux –free; good for web servers DOS Palm OS and Windows Mobil OS –For handhelds

13. 13 Using the Windows Operating System Most programs use a graphical user interface (GUI). The most common operating systems for PCs today is Microsoft Windows. Other GUI operating systems are Mac OS and Linux.

14. 14 The Windows Interface Common Windows elements include: Desktop—the user’s basic workspace. –Taskbar—includes the Start button, toolbars, and task buttons. –Windows—rectangular areas inside which programs, documents, and other content is displayed. –Menus—used to issue commands.

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16. 16 The Windows Interface, Cont’d. Individual windows can also contain: –Icons –Menus –Toolbars –Hyperlinks –Dialog boxes

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19. 19 Opening Windows and Starting Programs Click a taskbar toolbar button. Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink. Double-click a desktop icon if it doesn’t look like a hyperlink. Click the Start button and then select the desired program from the Start menu. In any window that displays documents stored on the PC, double-click a document to open it.

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21. 21 Manipulating Windows Active window—the window in which commands will currently be executed. Minimizing, maximizing, and closing windows—use sizing buttons at top right corner of window. Resizing and moving windows— drag window border or title bar. Scroll bars—used to see more information not currently shown in the window.

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23. 23 Shutting Down the Computer Standby mode reduces power consumption and wear-and-tear on the PC. To turn off the PC, it should always be shut down through the Start menu. Save and close all open documents and programs. –Select the Shut Down option at the bottom of the Start menu. –Choose the appropriate option.

24. 24 Using the Internet and World Wide Web The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks connecting millions of computers all over the world. The World Wide Web is the collection of Web pages accessed through the Internet. Computers that host Web pages are called Web servers. A collection of related Web pages is called a Web site.

25. 25 What Is a Browser? A Web browser is a program used to view Web pages. Common browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator MSN Explorer Opera Wireless phones and other small devices use microbrowsers.

26. 26 Accessing the Internet Your PC or other device being used must be connected to a computer (usually owned by your ISP) that is continually connected to the Internet. You can be connected via a direct or always-on connection, or a dial-up connection. Internet service providers (ISPs) function as an onramp to the Internet and typically charge a monthly fee Can also access the Internet at libraries, schools, and other public locations.

27. 27 Internet Addresses An Internet address identifies a resource available through the Internet, such as a person, computer, or Web page. IP addresses (e.g. 207.46.134.222) and domain names (e.g. microsoft.com) identify computers available through the Internet. URLs (e.g. www.course.com) identify a Web page on the Internet. E-mail addresses (e.g. jsmith@course.com) identify a person on the Internet.

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30. 30 Using Bookmarks and the History List Visited Web pages are recorded in the browser’s history list. To save Web page URLs on a more permanent basis, use bookmarks or favorites.

31. 31 Searching the Web A search site typically uses a search engine in conjunction with a huge database of information about Web pages to retrieve information. Keyword search: keywords are typed into a search box and then hyperlinks for matching Web pages are displayed. Category search: a series of increasingly specific categories are selected until links for matching Web pages are displayed.

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33. 33 E-Mail and Other Types of Online Communications Electronic mail (e-mail) refers to electronic messages exchanged between computers over a network and can be sent to anyone with an Internet e-mail address. E-mail programs, such as Netscape Mail and Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and receive e-mail. Web-based e-mail, such as Yahoo! Mail and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a Web browser.

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35. 35 Sending and Receiving E-Mail E-mail can be sent and received over private networks, over the Internet, or over some combination of the two. E-mail hyperlinks on Web pages can be used to start an e-mail message using your e-mail program. To send an e-mail, supply the recipient’s e-mail address, type a subject line and the message, and click the appropriate Send button. Many e-mail programs also enable users to attach files and maintain an address book.

36. 36 Managing E-Mail Sent and received messages are stored in separate folders, and deleted e-mail messages are moved to some type of Trash or Deleted Items folder. Create additional folders to organize the e-mail you would like to keep. Delete unneeded e-mail messages periodically and then empty the Trash folder to free up space on your hard drive.

37. 37 Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and More Discussion groups—participants read and post messages. Chat room—participants chat in real time. Instant messaging—private form of chat between friends and business associates. Videoconferencing—face-to-face meetings via the Internet. Internet telephony—phone calls via the Internet.

38. 38 Netiquette Guidelines for online behavior

39. 39 Societal Implications of Cyberspace SecurityPrivacy Differences in online communications The anonymity factor Information integrity

40. 40 Summary Slide Starting your computer: the boot process Using the Windows operating system Using the Internet and World Wide Web E-mail and other types of online communications Social implications of cyberspace

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42. 42 Document Production Software Use to compose, edit, design, print or electronically publish documents Types –Word processing (Word) –Desktop publishing (PageMaker) –Web authoring (Front Page)

43. 43 Document Production Elements Formatting Page Layout Headers/FootersClipartTables Frames Spell check Word wrap Margins Styles

44. 44 Spreadsheet Software Use for numerical calculations and graphs Rows and columns Worksheet, cell, cell references Cells can contain –Values –Labels –Functions –Formulas

45. 45 Spreadsheet Software Formulas vs. functions Relative vs. absolute cell referencing Automatic recalculation Templates What-if analysis Not always best for business

46. 46 Data Management Software Use to store, find, organize, update and report information Database: collection of related files Records and fields

47. 47 Data Management Software Using database software you can: –Import and export data –Query records in a particular field SQL (Structured Query Language)SQL (Structured Query Language) Natural query languageNatural query language Query by example (QBE)Query by example (QBE) –Print reports Always use information appropriately –Data integrity –Privacy –Copyright

48. 48 Graphics Software Use to create, display, modify, manipulate and print graphics Paint software: realistic art and photos Photo Editing software: simplifies common editing tasks Drawing software: uses vector figures & shapes to create “cartoon-like” images.

49. 49 Graphics Software 3-D Graphics software: create wireframes and then cover with a texture CAD (computer-aided design): 3-D software designed for architects and engineers Presentation software: creates electronic slides like these

50. 50 Business Software Accounting & Finance –Personal finance –Tax preparation –Small business accounting Vertical Market –Hospitals, construction, schools Horizontal Market –Generic like payroll –Project management Groupware –Help collaboration on group projects

51. 51 Science Software Statistical/graphing software Mathematical modeling software –Math CAD

52. 52 Software Suites A collection of application software sold in a package –Microsoft Office, Star Office, Open Office, WordPerfect Office Available for productivity, antivirus, and graphics Cost and usability

53. 53 Entertainment Software Audio editing (sound recorder) Games MP3 player Video editing (Adobe Premiere) Music Ear training Ear training Notation Notation Computer-aided music Computer-aided music MIDI sequencing MIDI sequencing

54. 54 Educational Software Learn and practice new skills –Arithmetic –Reading –Languages –Typing –SAT Reference software (CD-ROMs)

55. 55 ESRB Ratings Entertainment Software Ratings Board Rated over 7000 video and computer games Symbols indicate age groups Content descriptors –Violence, language, etc.

56. 56 License vs. Copyright Software License: a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program. Copyright: a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell and modify that work. Software piracy For contract to take effect: –Open a shrink-wrap license product –Agree to an installation agreement

57. 57 Types of Copyright Protections Commercial: License adheres to limitations of copyright law Shareware: try before you buy on the honor system Freeware: no fee - can use, but not alter or sell Open Source: uncompiled source code that can be changed - sold or free Public Domain: can be copied, altered and resold

58. 58 Types of Licenses Single-user Site license Multiple-userConcurrent-user

59. 59 Tech Talk: Installing Software System requirements –Operating system and minimum hardware capacities Steps (setup.exe) –Copy files to hard drive –Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip) –Verify system requirements met –Select appropriate device drivers –Necessary system files/players (Media Player) –Update registry and program menu Uninstall routine or Windows Add/Remove programs

60. 60 Issue Is Privacy a Problem?

61. 61 Computer Software End