1. Aircraft Design (261K) and Laboratory (161M)
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Aircraft Design (261K) and
Laboratory (161M)
“Conceptual Design of UAV Systems”
Spring Semester 2003
Instructor
Dr. Armand J. Chaput
Senior Technical Fellow
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company
Fort Worth, Texas
(817)
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2. Lesson objective - to answer the following questions:
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Objectives
Lesson objective - to answer the following questions:
What is Conceptual Design?
What will you learn about it?
What are the expectations?
Mine
Yours
What is the course structure, content and schedule?
Who am I and what do I know about air vehicle systems and how to design them?
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3. Importance of early design decisions Course overview Objective
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Discussion subjects
UAV system
Overview
Design Phases
Importance of early design decisions
Course overview
Objective
Differences
Expectations
Participants
Content and schedule
Homework
Course background
Personal background
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4. Includes target drones but excludes cruise missiles
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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But first what is a UAV?
My definition - A reusable unmanned (or uninhabited if you prefer) air vehicle
Includes target drones but excludes cruise missiles
- Even if the cruise missile has a data link
- Even if the technology is similar (which it is)
UAV
UAV
UAV
UAV
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5. And there are many kinds
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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And there are many kinds
ttp://
Fixed wing
Free wing
Small
Rotary
wing
Micro
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company
Tail Sitters
Tilt wing/rotor
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6. But a UAV system is much more than a reusable air vehicle or vehicles
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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UAV System Elements
But a UAV system is much more than a reusable air vehicle or vehicles
Our system definition includes five elements
1. The environment in which the UAVs operate or the System Element (e.g. the airspace, the data links, relay aircraft, etc.)
2. The air vehicle(s) or the Air Vehicle Element
3. The control station(s) or the Mission Control Element
4. The payload(s) or the Payload Element
5. The maintenance and support system or the Support Element
Others define the system differently but at the bottom line there is no difference - without all the elements, the system won’t work
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7. The environment(s) in which the UAV operates
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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System Element
Concept of Operations (ConOps)
Launch and Recovery
Element (LRE)
Target
Set
Airborne
Comm
Node
SATCOM
Mission Control
Element (MCE)
MCE
Discover II
& Other Overheads
Rivet Joint
AWACS
Joint Stars
Recce
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Q P R
Sensor
Management
Global
Comms
Fusion
Data C2
Theater
Sensing
Control
External
Systems
National
Imagery
SIGINT
Mission
Planning
MCS
UCAV
Q/P C
Space
Relay
Air
Direct
The environment(s) in which the UAV operates
Communications Network
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8. Design of UAV Systems Air Vehicle Element The Airplane(s)
Course Introduction
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Air Vehicle Element
The Airplane(s)
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9. Mission Control Element
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Mission Control Element
The Control Station(s)
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10. Design of UAV Systems Payload Element The Payload(s)
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Payload Element
The Payload(s)
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11. Design of UAV Systems Support Element Support and Logistics
Course Introduction
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Support Element
Support and Logistics
Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company
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12. Importance of early design decisions Course overview Objective
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Next subject
UAV system
Overview
Design Phases
Importance of early design decisions
Course overview
Objective
Differences
Expectations
Participants
Content and schedule
Homework
Course background
Personal background
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13. Advanced design phases
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Advanced design phases
1. Pre-concept design (my term)
The very early work that establishes the general concept, what it should do and how it will be used
Previously done by customer organizations (e.g. the government) now done by customers and companies
The product is usually a set of initial requirements and expectations for cost and schedule
2. Conceptual design
The next phase that starts with overall requirements and objectives and develops a preferred system concept and a plan to develop it
The product is usually a proposal for preliminary design with enough technical, cost and risk information to convince your customer to buy your concept
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14. Design of UAV Systems Later phases 3. Preliminary design
Course Introduction
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Later phases
3. Preliminary design
The subsequent phase that turns the preferred system concept into a well substantiated design and proposes a detailed plan to build and test it
The product is usually documentation and a design review with enough detailed technical and cost substantiation, planning and risk reduction to convince your customer to let you build it
4. Detailed design
The final phase that completely defines the design for production and test
The product is usually a set of detailed specifications, drawings, manufacturing instructions and test plans
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15. Importance of early decisions
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Importance of early decisions
Cumulative Percent Of Life Cycle Cost
Milestones I II III IOC Out of Service
100 95 85 70 50 10
Detailed
Design
Preliminary
Design
Concept
Design
Pre-concept
Design
Source – Defense Systems Management College, 3 Dec. 1991
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16. A-12 - All composite structure F-16 XL - Engine selection
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Importance cont’d
Many aerospace program problems trace back to early design decisions (examples from my experience)
A-12 - All composite structure
F-16 XL - Engine selection
NASP - Binary program goal (SSTO or nothing)
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17. Advanced Design Phases Importance of early design decisions
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Next subject
UAV system
Overview
Advanced Design Phases
Importance of early design decisions
Course overview
Objective
Differences
Expectations
Participants
Content and schedule
Homework
Course background
Personal background
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18. Overall course objective
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Overall course objective
Our focus will be on the first two phases of design
These are the most critical design decision phases
Preliminary and detailed design are company and design & analysis tool specific
- Other specialized Aero/ME/EE courses apply
We will cover both pre-concept and conceptual design from a team design perspective
Team design is more complicated than individual design
Excellent planning and management is required
We will learn how and when to adapt methods and data from manned systems
Some are applicable, others are not
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19. Concepts of operations Basing and mission coverage Effectiveness
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Course differences
Traditional aircraft design courses focus on aero-engine-structures design and integration. We have to cover much more:
Concepts of operations
Basing and mission coverage
Effectiveness
Communications
Operating environments
Therefore, we cannot go into as much depth in the traditional aircraft design and integration areas
We do have time to even discuss some traditional aircraft design subjects
Control stations
Sensor payloads
Weapon payloads
Support concepts
Cost
We will focus almost exclusively on full size, fixed wing, subsonic UAVs
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20. Overall course structure
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Overall course structure
Meets every Friday (2-5 p.m.) in Pharmacy 2.114
- Lectures
Will address design of all the elements
Example problems
Will show how to apply the lecture material
Spreadsheet model demonstrations
Will be used extensively for pre-concept design
Some models are applicable to conceptual design (with calibration based on conceptual design methods)
Remaining laboratory hours are available to work on projects
I will be flying back to Fort Worth (weather permitting)
Expect to spend additional hours outside of class
- Doing design and analysis (individually and in teams)
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21. Design of UAV Systems Overall schedule Week 1 Course introduction
c LM Corporation
Overall schedule
Week 1
Course introduction
Introduction to UAVs
Week 2
UAV conceptual design issues
Fundamentals of system design
Week 3
Concepts of operation
UAV operating environments
Week 4
Sortie rate estimates
Requirements analysis
Week 5
Communication considerations and sizing
Week 6
Control station considerations and sizing
Payload (EO/IR and radar) considerations and sizing
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22. Design of UAV Systems Overall schedule Week 7
Course Introduction
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Overall schedule
Week 7
Reliability, maintenance, safety and support
Life cycle cost
Week 8
Mid term presentations
Week 9
Introduction to air vehicle design
Conceptual level aerodynamics
Standard atmosphere models
Week 10
Spring break
Week 11
Parametric propulsion
Week 12
Parametric weights
Parametric geometry
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23. Design of UAV Systems Schedule cont’d Week 13 Air vehicle performance
Course Introduction
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Schedule cont’d
Week 13
Air vehicle performance
Integrated performance model
Methodology and correlation
Week 14
Air vehicle design (example)
Week 15
System concept design
Week 16
Project preparations
Week 17
Project presentations
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24. Design of UAV Systems References Pre-concept design Conceptual design
Course Introduction
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References
Pre-concept design
Chaput, Concept Design of UAV Systems
Chaput, Concept design spreadsheet models
Conceptual design
Raymer, Aircraft Design, A Conceptual Approach, 3rd Edition
Raymer, RDS-Student Software for Aircraft Design, Sizing and Performance
Roskam, Airplane Design, Parts I - VIII; Airplane Aerodynamics and Performance, Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls, Parts I&II.
Primary references
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25. UAV PCD = Chaput, Pre-Concept Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Reference notation
UAV PCD = Chaput, Pre-Concept Design of UAV Systems
RayAD = Raymer, Aircraft Design, A Conceptual Approach
RayRDS = Raymer, Student Software for Aircraft Design, Sizing and Performance
RosAP = Roskam, Airplane Aerodynamics and Performance
RosAD.1 = Roskam, Airplane Design, Part I
...through...
RosAD.8 = Roskam, Airplane Design, Part VIII
RosFD.1 = Roskam, Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls, Part I
RosFD.2 = Roskam, Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls, Part II
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26. Spreadsheet models and data
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Spreadsheet models and data
Mission area coverage – UT.mission.coverage.xls
Mission sortie rate – UT.sortie.xls
Communication line of sight – UT. RFLOS.xls
Air vehicle performance (internal combustion)
- UT.ICProp.xls
Air vehicle performance (turboprop)
- UT.TBPprop.xls
Air vehicle performance (turbofan)
- UT.TBFan.xls
Sensor data – UT.sensor.xls
Datalink data – UT.datalink.xls
Life cycle cost - UT.aircraft cost.xls
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27. Will be provided electronically
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Course materials
Will be provided electronically
1. Will be available one week in advance
Read ahead if you want
But it is not a requirement
2. Paper copies are your responsibility
Limit of one copy per student
Note the Lockheed Martin Copyright
3. All lectures based on public source materials
If you are looking for Lockheed Martin secrets you will be disappointed
4. But the methods, thought processes and approaches are very state of the art
You will learn how it is done in the real world
One exception – no stealth coverage
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28. Good questions help everybody learn 2. Ask electronically
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Questions
Three ways
1. Ask in class
Good questions help everybody learn
2. Ask electronically
Ask questions by
Answers will be by and should be posted on the course bulletin board by all recipients
3. Ask personally
Office in WRW 305A, phone ?
Office hours Friday, 11:00 -2:00
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29. Assigned weekly (starting week 3) 1. Practice what we teach
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Homework
Assigned weekly (starting week 3)
1. Practice what we teach
Applications of design methods
With design project focus
Should be easy if you pay attention
2. Submit weekly
Don’t be late
Will be hard to catch up while keeping up
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30. This course is about application of knowledge to design
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Examinations
This course is about application of knowledge to design
Design projects/presentations will be given in lieu of exams
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31. Project presentations
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Project presentations
Presentations will be your major product
Team presentation grades will be shared by team
With adjustments for individual performance
Formats
Electronic
- Use standard MS Word, Excel or PowerPoint as appropriate
- Scanned materials should use standard pdf, jpg or gif formats
Other
Please minimize non-electronic submittals but we will accept paper copies if no other option available
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32. Two major project submittals/presentations
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Design projects
Two major project submittals/presentations
1. Initial system concept design (week 8)
Concept of Operation
Communications
Control stations
Payload
Notional air vehicle concept
- Cost and effectiveness
2. Preferred system concept (week 17)
Air vehicle design
- Trade study results
- System performance
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33. Class participation and attendance - 20% Homework - 20%
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Grade basis
Class participation and attendance - 20%
Homework %
Mid term design review %
Final design review %
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34. Interest in aircraft design What are your expectations ?
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Course participants
Introduce yourself
Name
Hometown
Interest in aircraft design
What are your expectations ?
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35. You will not be UAV expert
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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My expectations
You will not be UAV expert
You will understand the fundamental conceptual design issues and how to approach them
You will understand where to go for more information
Your will be able to develop a UAV system conceptual design that should work
Major components defined
Reasonably optimized size and performance
Reasonable cost estimates
Reasonable effectiveness estimates
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36. Advanced Design Phases Importance of early design decisions
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Next subject
UAV system
Overview
Advanced Design Phases
Importance of early design decisions
Course overview
Objective
Differences
Expectations
Participants
Content and schedule
Homework
Course background
Personal background
1- 35

37. Near term - Korean fighter production (F-16)
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Course background
1999 Agreement Established Sejong-Lockheed Martin Aerospace Research Center - Part of an LM corporate commitment to support Korean aerospace development
Near term - Korean fighter production (F-16)
Mid term - T-50 program co-development
Long term - Sejong-LM Aerospace Research Center
Sejong project focus
Support student programs
Radio control aircraft competition
Provide scholarships
Undergraduate and graduate
Help establish Sejong center of excellence
UAV studies
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38. Lockheed Martin - 20+ years in advanced aerospace product development
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Who am I?
Lockheed Martin years in advanced aerospace product development
Systems Engineering - Senior Technical Fellow
Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles - IPT lead (start  early 99)
LM/Boeing/Northrop AFX - Chief Engineer
National Aerospace Plane - National team Chief Engineer
National Aerospace Plane - Company Program Director
Advanced Design Department - Manager
Other credentials
Member, US Air Force Scientific Advisory Board ( , 2003)
Member, Naval Studies Board (2003)
Member, Board of Trustees, Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International ( )
Member, AIAA Aircraft Design Technical Committee
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39. Active duty with US Army (1967-69)
Design of UAV Systems
Course Introduction
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Who am I - cont’d?
Prior Employment
Central Intelligence Agency ( )
Active duty with US Army ( )
Boeing Launch Systems Company (1966)
Education
Doctor of Philosophy, Texas A&M University
Master of Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M
Bachelor of Science , Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M
Other
Flight Instructor, single engine, land
Commercial pilot, instrument rated ,single & multi-engine
“UAV pilot” (radio control model aircraft) since age 13
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40. Design of UAV Systems Intermission Course Introduction
c LM Corporation
Intermission
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