1. Unit 3 Outcome 2 Models of Health & Health Promotion
Revision Class

2. Biomedical Model Focuses on cure Is expensive
Requires a lot of technology
Is not always successful
Not everything is curable
Person has little say – ran by administrators
Can increase quality and quantity of life

3. Social Model of Health Focuses on Prevention
Addresses the broader determinants of health
Person is as involved as they want to be and therefore makes the decisions
Involves intersectoral collaboration
Acts to redress social inequities
Empowers individuals and communities
Acts to enable access to health care
Is very cheap
Only successful if the person wants to be involved
Can increase quality and quantity of life
Not everything is preventable

4. Social Model of Health
Focuses on people having access to the basics for life: i.e. shelter, food, clothing, clean water, sanitation, employment.
Focuses on services being able to provide these
Focuses on community participation
Focuses on all people having access and things being equitable.

5. Is the peak body for health promotion in Victoria.
Focus of its work is on “Promoting good health and wellbeing and preventing ill health.”
Acknowledges health in a broader context
Works in conjunction with governments, organisations and community groups to create healthier environments for all.

6. Values: Work together Be honest Engage others respectfully
Challenge and be challenged
Be eco-wise

7. Aims for individual in Victoria to:
Be informed
Learn new skills
Have access to health promotion activities
Share healthier living environments

9. Ottawa Charter: 5 elements Build Healthy Public Policy
Create Supportive Environments
Strengthen Community Action
Develop Personal Skills
Reorient Health Services
Bad Cats Smell Dead Rats

10. Build Healthy Public Policy:
Examples
Legislation to ban smoking in public places
Drink-driving laws
Increased taxation on tobacco
Reduced taxes on low-alcohol beer
Compulsory wearing of bicycle helmets
Anti-bullying policies in schools
Nutrition content on food labels
Occupational Health & Safety legislation
Yearly Medicare-funded health checks I.e. 45 year old health Check
National breast, cervical cancer & colon cancer screening programs & policies
National HPV, hepatitis B vaccination programs and policies

11. Create Supportive Environments:
Examples
Programs for new parents in Maternal & Child Health Centres
Cooking classes for students living in on-campus residences at universities
Bike paths & bike lanes on roads
Lighting at local parks
Provision and sale of healthy food & drink in school canteens
Safe playgrounds
Shaded areas for children’s play
Public workout areas
Free phone services E.g. Quit, Cancer Helpline, Lifeline

12. Strengthen Community Action:
Examples
Neighbourhood Watch programs
Developing a whole-school approach to drug education
Providing & resourcing opportunities for Indigenous Australians to control their own health care
Self-help groups
Alcohol-free events for young people
Walking groups
Tree planting to provide shade in local areas

13. Develop Personal Skills:
Examples
Health education programs in schools
Teaching children sun-safe behaviours
Working with young people to develop responsible drinking behaviours
Information brochures in medical centres
Antenatal classes
Free information resources marketed to and accessible by the community
Online learning programs
Distribution of accurate information via mass media

14. Reorient Health Services:
Examples
Engaging youth workers at the local council to run programs at school
Educating acute care nurses in health promotion practices
General practitioners incorporating advice on nutrition and physical activity when treating overweight or obese patients
Health promotion officers developing and coordinating preventative health programs
Police working in schools to support road safety education

15. Medicare All Australians have it
People contribute based on income earned, marital status and number of children they have
If people have private health insurance they contribute less to the Medicare levy
Medicare’s care principles are: access, equity, universality.
Medicare allows doctors to bulk bill, give free hospital treatment in a public hospital, has a safety net for when you have paid a certain amount for doctor/medical treatments and medication.

16. Private Health Insurance
Can be treated in a Private Hospital, or public hospital
Can be very expensive
Covers things that Medicare does not, like ambulance, dental, physiotherapist, hearing aids, glasses, chiropractors etc.
A 30% rebate is provided by the if it is taken out before the age of 30. After that, 2% is deducted off the rebate for every year after the age of 30 that you join. Rebate increases when they are the age of 65.
Varying levels of cover and therefore varying costs. Over 100 agencies in Australia.

17. Values that Underpin the Australian health care system:
Universal – quality health care must be available to all Australians
Accessible – through cost and location
Equitable – no groups should be disadvantaged
Appropriate – particularly in terms of gender and culture
Efficient – programs should have cost benefits
Effective – in reducing deaths, preventing illness and disease.

18. National Health Priority Areas:
Why are they priority areas?
Large number of people suffering from them
Lots of money is already being spent on the treatment of these conditions
Significant health gains can occur if these conditions can be avoided or reduced.
Mental Illness
Injuries
Cancers
Asthma
Arthritis
Cardiovascular disease and conditions
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity

19. Eat Well Australia Three broad areas:
Health gains – outlines nutritional priorities
E.g. promoting the consumption of fruit and vegies; along with healthy weight; promotion of optimal nutrition for women, children and infants; and improving nutrition for vulnerable groups – Indigenous.
Capacity building – the development and knowledge and skills.
E.g. investing in public health nutrition research, communicating with the public.
Strategic management – is related to the partnerships and systems required.
E.g. developing nutrition policy and resources, monitoring progress in food and nutrition.

20. Dietary Guidelines For Adult Australians For Children and Adolescents
Learn at least 4 for each group.

21. Factors Affecting Food Selection, Provision and Purchase:
Behavioural factors – for example: likes, dislikes, appetite, state of health and stage of the lifespan
Social factors – for example: peers, school, work, family.
Economic factors – for example: how much money you have to spend on food, the cost of production and manufacturing of food.
Environmental factors – where you live, weather, food laws, Governments control of genetically modified food.

22. References: H+HD Units 3+4: Gunther, Kuen, Warren, Oxford Uni. Press
Achieving Health and Human Development: Smith, Marshall, Williams, Keleher, Murphy, Dobson, Ward.
VCE Units 3 and 4: Health and Human Development Workbook: Smith and Stone.