1. Polio Katie Zhao Evana Wang Jordan Pelliciotta

2. What is Polio? Viral disease Affects nerves Can lead to paralysis Has been around since mankind Oldest record in Egyptian carving (1300 BC) Signs include trouble moving and stiff muscles Three types of poliovirus (Coccus shaped)

3. What is the history of this disease? Started in Egypt Caused by virus entering central nervous system Plagued humans for thousands of years Relatively uncommon until 1800s Western hemisphere eliminated polio in1994 Circulates in Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan

4. What kinds of symptoms appear? About 95% of victims have no symptoms Symptoms appear from 4-35 days Fever Sore throat Stiff muscles Abdominal pain Paralysis (Less than 1%) Night virus

5. What are scientists finding about Polio? Can be prevented by existing vaccines Extending research helps eradicate cases Countries with poor sanitation have more cases Most cases start in Nigeria and spread outwards Americans receive vaccine four times before elementary school

6. What does a Polio virus look like? Keys

7. How does Polio spread? Direct person-to-person contact Contact with infected mucus phlegm from the nose or mouth Contact with infected feces (fecal oral contamination) The virus multiplies throat and intestinal tract Spread through the blood and lymph system Extremely contagious Mainly affects children under 5

8. How do you treat Polio? Moist heat (heating pads/warm towels) reduces muscle pain/spasms Painkillers for headaches, muscle pain, and spasms Physical therapy for recovery/rebuilding of muscles Leg braces, corrective shoes, iron lung Disability more common than death Complete recovery, unless brain/spinal cord affected Moderate exercise and a nutritious diet

9. What resources did you use? (Works Cited) "CDC Global Health - Polio." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 1 Feb. 2013. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.. Crommie, William. "Modus Operandi of Polio Virus Revealed." Home - Harvard Public Affairs & Communications. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.. Draper, Allison Stark. Polio. New York: Rosen, 2001. Print. "Polio - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., 5 Mar. 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.. "Polio Research Gives New Insight." Science Daily. N.p., 24 June 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.. "Polio Symptoms." Polio Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.. "Polio — Timelines — History of Vaccines." History of Vaccines — A Vaccine History Project of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.. "Poliomyelitis." World Health Organization. WHO, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.. "Poliomyelitis - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information. ADAM, 15 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.. Racaniello, Vincent. "Poliovirus vaccine, SV40, and human cancer." virology blog — About viruses and viral disease. N.p., 13 Apr. 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.. MLA formatting by BibMe.org.