Dewey Decimal Classification System

Dewey Decimal Classification System
Let’s review what we talked about last session. Review of Lecture 2 Bair-Mundy

025 Library and information sciences 025
.27 Acquisition of and collection development for materials on specific disciplines and subjects Add to base number notation , e.g. acquisition of materials in the social sciences Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Selection and acquisition of materials about ballet and modern dance We looked at how to build a number in the library and information science section--in particular a number for acquisitions and collection development on specific disciplines and subjects. The basic number for acquisition of and collection development for materials on specific disciplines is Under the number we have some instructions: [click] Add to base number notation That means that we use the entire Dewey schedule as a table. [click] Let's say we have a book about Selection and acquisition of materials about ballet. [click] The first thing we do is to write down our base number: [click] [click] Now we’re told to use the entire schedule as a table. [click] So what are we going to be looking for in the schedule? [click Our book is about collecting materials about ballet & modern dance so we need to find the number for ballet. [click] [click] Number for Ballet 025.27

792 Recreational and performing arts 792
.7 Variety shows and theatrical dancing .78 Theatrical dancing .8 Ballet and modern dance Selection and acquisition of materials about ballet and modern dance 025.27 Here we are in the section of Dewey that gives us the numbers for ballet. [click] [click] The number for ballet is [click] So we append the digits 7928 to our base number for selection and acquisition of materials on a particular topic and we’re done. [click] We got our base number for acquisition in the LIS part of Dewey. [click] Then we used the entirety of Dewey volumes 2 and 3 as a table, finding our number for ballet in the area for dance. 7928 Base number for acquisition Ballet & modern dance (schedule)

Bible – English Add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: 01-02 Standard subdivisions [03] Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances Do not use; class in 3 05-08 Standard subdivisions 09 Geographic and persons treatment Do not use…; class in 8 2 Standard editions 3 Concordances, indexes, dictionaries … 8 History, criticism, explanation of the translation We talked about how, In some places in the schedule, we find built-in tables of numbers. Here, for example, we're in the section of the schedule that give numbers for English translations of the Christian bible. Before we reach the listing of versions we find an instruction: Add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: What follows is a list of topical subdivisions and their associated numbers. These numbers can be added to subdivide only those versions identified with an asterisk.

Concordance to the Jerusalem Bible
– English … *New English Bible and Revised English Bible *Jerusalem Bible and New Jerusalem Bible Subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Concordance to the Jerusalem Bible [click] So let's say we have a work on the history of the Jerusalem Bible. [click] We find the number for the Jerusalem version: [click] [click] So that is the beginning of our number. [click] Since this version is noted with an asterisk we can use our listing of subtopics. So we head back to our in-schedule table. Back to in-schedule table

Concordance to the Jerusalem Bible
– English Add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: … 05-08 Standard subdivisions 09 Geographic and persons treatment Do not use…; class in 8 2 Standard editions 3 Concordances, indexes, dictionaries 8 History, criticism, explanation of the translation [click] So we scan down our list of subtopics and find a number for concordance: 3. We append 3 to our number for the Jerusalem Bible and we're done. Concordance to the Jerusalem Bible 3

Flexible scheduling in elementary schools
Education .1 Organization and activities in elementary education Go to general section on education … School organization and activities in elementary education Add to base number the numbers following 371 in , e.g. administration ; however, for use of drama as a method of instruction, see Let's say we have a book about Flexible scheduling in elementary schools. We go to the section on elementary schools and under school organization and activities we find the directions: Add to base number the numbers following 371 in We immediately write down our base number: Now we turn to the 371 section of the schedule to look for the topic of flexible scheduling. We keep in mind that we're going to utilize the numbers following 371 in that part of the schedule. Flexible scheduling in elementary schools base number

Flexible scheduling in elementary schools
Education Add to base number 372.1 the numbers following 371 in .2 School administration; administration of student academic activities … .24 Schedules and school day Schedules Including flexible scheduling Class here scheduling, school week Flexible scheduling in schools Flexible scheduling in elementary schools base number Aha! We find a number for flexible scheduling. Now, remember that the instructions were to take the numbers following 371 in this section. The number is for flexible scheduling in general. We take the 242 and add those digits to our elementary school base number: We're done! 242

Liberal Parties of Lithuania
Political science .24–.29 Parties in specific countries in modern world Except where specifically instructed to the contrary below, for a country or for localities within a country add to base number notation 4–9 from Table 2 for the specific country, e.g. parties of France ; then add to the number according to the table below, e.g. parties in Paris , Communist Party of France … Liberal Parties of Lithuania We went to the section on political parties in specific countries in the modern world. [click] Here we’re given a base number. [click] Then we’re told to go to Table 2. [click] Then we are told to return to the schedule for additional numbers. Let’s say we have a book about the Liberal Parties of Lithuania. What do we start with? [click] Our base number. [click] So let’s write down our base number. Where do we need to go now? [click] Table 2. So let’s go to Table 2. 324.2 Go to Table 2

T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons T2
—479 Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia — Lithuania Liberal Parties of Lithuania 324.2 4793 [click] We find the number for Lithuania. [click] We add it to the end of our number for political parties in a specific country. Are we done? No. Where do we need to go now? [click] Back to the schedule. Back to schedule

.24–.29 Parties in specific countries in modern world
Political science .24–.29 Parties in specific countries in modern world Except where specifically instructed to the contrary below, for a country or for localities within a country add to base number notation 4–9 from Table 2 for the specific country, e.g. parties of France ; then add to the number according to the table below, e.g. parties in Paris , Communist Party of France … Back at the schedule we find the following instruction: [click] then add to the number according to the table below So let’s look below in the schedule.

Liberal Parties of Lithuania
Political science .24–.29 Parties in specific countries in modern world … 02 Historical parties 03 Rightist parties 038 Fascist and Nazi parties 04 Conservative parties 05 Centrist parties 06 Liberal parties 07 Leftist and worker parties 072 Social democratic parties 075 Nonauthoritarian socialist parties 075 Communist parties Liberal Parties of Lithuania 06 Below is a listing of various parties. So what’s our number for liberal parties? [click] 06 [click] So append 06 to our number for parties in Lithuania and we’re done.

Liberal Parties of Lithuania Political parties in specific country
Political science .24–.29 Parties in specific countries in modern world Liberal Parties of Lithuania We pulled numbers from different areas to build this number according to our directions. As always, we started with a number from the schedule. In this case we started with a number for political parties in a particular place. Then, following directions, we went to table 2 to find a number for Lithuania. Then we returned to the schedule to find the number for liberal parties. Political parties in specific country (from schedule) Lithuania (from Table 2) Liberal parties (from schedule)

Ten main classes 000 Generalities
100 Philosophy, paranormal phenomena, psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Natural sciences and mathematics 600 Technology (Applied sciences) 700 The arts Fine and decorative arts 800 Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric 900 Geography, history, and auxiliary disciplines Languages are handled a bit differently than some other parts of the schedule. For languages we have a separate table of subdivisions.

420 Language 420 420–490 Specific languages
Class here comprehensive works on specific languages and their literatures Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to base number for each language identified by * notation 01–8 from Table 4, e.g. grammar of Japanese The base number is the number given for the language unless the schedule specifies a different number Following the standard subdivisions and numbers for linguistics are the listings for specific languages. Note that we have special instructions for this section: Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to base number for each language identified by * notation 01–8 from Table 4. Let's take a look at table 4.

Table 4. Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families
The following notation is never used alone, but may be used as required by add notes under subdivisions of specific languages or language families, or with the base numbers for individual languages identified by * as explained under 420–490, e.g. Norwegian (base number phonology (—15 in this table): A point is inserted following the third digit of any number thus constructed that is longer than three digits. Table 4 consists of a list of subdivisions that can be applied to individual languages or language families. Note that these numbers are never used alone. We always start with a number in the schedule and then add numbers from tables if applicable. In this case we start with a number for a language, then if we have permission to do so, indicated by an asterisk or by instructions, we go to table 4 to find a means to subdivide that number.

Table 4. Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families
SUMMARY —01–09 Standard subdivisions —1 Writing systems, phonology, phonetics of the standard form of the language —2 Etymology of the standard form of the language —3 Dictionaries of the standard form of the language —5 Grammar of the standard form of the language … In table 4 we see from the summary a number of topics relating to languages. You can also see why Dewey has set these forth in a table. These topics are applicable to most human languages. If these topics were listed under every language the schedule would be a lot larger than it is.

Speed reading Rājasthāni
Other languages Gujarati, Bhili, Rajasthani ... *Rajasthani Speed reading Rājasthāni Let's run through an example of how to build a language number. Let's say we have a book on Speed reading Rājasthāni. We start by looking up the number in the schedule for Rājasthāni We write that down. Then we check to see if Rājasthāni. has an asterisk. It does. So we go to table 4 to see if there's a subdivision for speed reading. 479 Go to Table 4

T4 Table 4. Subdivisions of Individual Languages T4
—84 Reading —842 Remedial reading —843 Developmental reading — Rapid reading (Speed reading) Speed reading Rājasthāni 479 We go to Table 4 and sure enough, there is a number for speed reading. We add that number to our number for Rājasthāni and we're done. .8432 Rājasthāni (from schedule) Speed reading (from Table 4)

Amharic-English dictionary 492.87 Go to Table 4
Other languages .8 Ethiopian languages .81 *Ge‘ez language .82 *Tigré .83 *Tigrinya .87 *Amharic Amharic-English dictionary What if we have a bilingual dictionary? Again we start in the schedule. Which language do we start with? The farthest from our own. So if we have a Amharic-English dictionary we start with Amharic. We look in the schedule for Amharic and find the number We write that down. Amharic has an asterisk, so we can now go to Table 4. 492.87 Start with the language farthest from your own Go to Table 4

T4 Table 4. Subdivisions of Individual Languages T4
—3 Dictionaries of the standard form of the language — Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials —31 Specialized dictionaries — Bilingual dictionaries Add to —3 notation 2–9 from Table 6, e.g. dictionaries of the language and English —321, dictionary of French and English Amharic-English dictionary base no. for Amharic In Table 4 we have special instructions on how to handle bilingual dictionaries. First, we append the number 3 to our number for Amharic. Then we’re sent to Table 6. 3 Go to Table 6

Table 6. Languages The following notation is never used alone, but may be used with those numbers from the schedules and other tables to which the classifier is instructed to add notation from Table 6…When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number. Table 6 consists of another listing of numbers for languages. This list is ONLY used when you are adding the number for a language to another number. This is important. You always start with a number from the schedule. Then you add numbers from the tables. SUMMARY —1 Indo-European languages —2 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) —3 Germanic (Teutonic) languages…

Amharic-English dictionary
T Table 6. Languages T6 —1 Indo-European languages —2–91 Specific Indo-European languages —2 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) —21 English Amharic-English dictionary In Table 6 we find the add-on number for English: —21 We append this to our number for a dictionary in Amharic and we get our number: Note that we found elements for our number in three different places: We started, as always, in the schedule. There we found the number for Amharic. Then, because Amharic was marked with an asterisk, we went to Table 4. This gave us our number for dictionary: 3. The instructions in Table 4 led us to Table 6. In Table 6 we found the add-on number for English. 21 Base no. for Amharic (from schedule) Dictionary (from Table 4) English (from Table 6)

Second summary The Hundred Divisions
900 History 910 Geography & travel 920 Biography & genealogy 930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499) 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of other areas Now let’s look at Geography and Travel—the 910 division.

Class here interdisciplinary works on tourism, on travel
Geography and travel 910 Geography and travel Class here interdisciplinary works on tourism, on travel Class general works on civilization, other than accounts of travel, in 909; class works on civilization… … Geography of and travel in ancient world and specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds The schedule starts with Geography and Travel in general. Following are the numbers for Geography and Travel in specific places: Geography and travel in the ancient world. Geography and travel in Europe or Asia or Africa. Geography and travel in specific countries or cities.

Go to Table 2 Travel in Tasmania 91
Geography and travel Geography of and travel in ancient world and specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds… Go to Table 2 Add to base number 91 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g. geography of England 914.2… then add further as follows: To build a number that designates geography and travel in a particular place we start with the base number 91. Let’s say we have a book about travel in Tasmania. We write down our base number: 91. Then we are sent to Table 2 to find a number for the place, in this case Tasmania. But before we go we note that we will need to come back here later to see if there are additional digits to be added. Travel in Tasmania 91

— Mallee district —946 Tasmania Travel in Tasmania 91 Geography and travel 9.46 In Table 2 we find that the number for Tasmania is –946. So we append 946 to our number for geography and travel (91). We count 3 places from the left and insert our decimal point. However, we’re not through yet. We had additional instructions back in the schedule. Let’s see if we can make this number specific to travel. Back to schedule Geog. & travel (schedule) Tasmania (Table 2) +

Travel in Tasmania 919.46 04 910 Geography and travel 910 1 2
Geography of and travel in ancient world and specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds 1 2 Add to base number 91 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g. geography of England 914.2… then add further as follows: … 04 Travel Class here discovery, exploration; guidebooks Travel in Tasmania 919.46 We started with our base number 91 from the schedule. Then we went to Table 2 to find the number for Tasmania. Now we return to the schedule to follow the additional instructions. We have an in-schedule table of digits to add further specificity to our number. We scan down and find a number for travel: 04. We append that to our number for geography and travel in Tasmania to get: Now we’re done. 04 Geog. & travel (from sched.) Tasmania (from T2) Travel (from sched.)

Second summary The Hundred Divisions
900 History 910 Geography & travel 920 Biography & genealogy 930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499) 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of other areas Now let’s move on to history.

930 History of specific areas 930
930–990 History of ancient world; of specific continents, countries, localities; of extraterrestrial worlds … Add to base number 9 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., general history of Europe 940 … then add further as follows: 001 Philosophy and theory 002 Miscellany Maps, plans, diagrams 003 Dictionaries 004 Racial, ethnic, national groups Add to 004 notation … History of Tasmania The range for history is Let’s say we have a general history of Tasmania. Now, in reality this number has been built for us, but let’s see how that number is constructed so that we can understand the pattern. Let’s follow our instructions. We start with the base number 9 for history. Then we’re told to go to Table 2 to find the number for our place. 9 Go to Table 2

— Mallee district —946 Tasmania History of Tasmania 9 94.6 History In Table 2 we find that the number for Tasmania is –946. We append that to the 9 and we have our number: Now, because this is a general history of Tasmania we can stop here. History (schedule) Tasmania (Table 2) +

Geography versus history
Geography of Tasmania 919.46 History of Tasmania 994.6 Notice that for a work on geography and travel we started with the base number 91. For a work on history we start with the base number 9. (Because our place numbers start at 3 for the ancient world and at 4 for the modern world, geography and travel is pulled to the left of history on the shelf.)

930–990 History of ancient world; of specific continents, countries, localities; of extraterrestrial worlds … Add to base number 9 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., general history of Europe 940 … then add further as follows: 001 Philosophy and theory 002 Miscellany Maps, plans, diagrams 003 Dictionaries 004 Racial, ethnic, national groups Add to 004 notation … History of Tibetan People in Tasmania Let’s say we have the history of a particular people in a particular place. Now, if we had the history of the Tibetan people in Tibet this would just be the history of Tibet. But we have a history of Tibetan people in Tasmania. In this case we start with the history of the place: Tasmania. So we start with the number 9 for history. Then we go to Table 2 to find the number for Tasmania. Go to Table 2 9

— Mallee district —946 Tasmania Back to schedule History of Tibetan People inTasmania 9 94.6 History In Table 2 we find that the number for Tasmania is –946. We append that to the 9 and we have our number: Now, we need to return to the schedule for more digits. History (schedule) Tasmania (Table 2) +

Add to base number 9 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., general history of Europe 940 … then add further as follows: 001 Philosophy and theory … 004 Ethnic and national groups Add to 004 notation 05–9 from Table 5 … Back in the history section of the schedule we see an in-schedule table of numbers for particular topics. We scan down and find a number for Ethnic and national groups. Here we’re told to add 004. Then we’re told to add notation 05-9 from Table 5. So let’s head to Table 5. History of Tibetan People in Tasmania 994.6 Go to Table 5 004

Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups
The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation 089 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules… Table 5 has long been one of the most problematic tables in Dewey. Previous editions had numbers for the “Mongoloid race” and so forth. The DDC long divided the world of human beings in ways that do not reflect current scientific thought or modern sensibilities. The latest edition no longer has those terribly obnoxious terms. However, as you’ll see in the next slide, a definite bias is still evident. SUMMARY —05–09 [Persons of mixed ancestry…] —01 North Americans…

Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups
SUMMARY —05–09 [Persons of mixed ancestry…] —1 North Americans —2 British, English, Anglo-Saxons —3 Germanic people —4 Modern Latin peoples —5 Italians, Romanians, related groups —6 Spanish and Portuguese —7 Other Italic peoples —8 Greeks and related groups —9 Other ethnic and national groups Take a moment to scan the listings from –1 to –9. Notice anything peculiar? Most of the world’s population is relegated to the “other” category: Asia, South Asia, Africa, Pacific Islanders. Millions of people relegated to the status of “other.”

T5 Table 5. Ethnic and Nat. Groups T5
—9 Other ethnic and national groups —91 Other Indo-European peoples —92 Semites —93 Non-Semitic Afro-Asiatic peoples —94 Peoples of North and West Asian origin or situation; Dravidians —95 East and Southeast Asian peoples —96 Africans and people of African descent —97 North American native peoples —98 South American native peoples —99 … Papuans, Australian native peoples; Malayo-Polynesian and related … Tibetans Since we have a book about Tibetans we head for the “other” section. Tibetans are found in the “East and Southeast Asian peoples” category so let’s head to that section.

T5 Table 5. Ethnic and Nat. Groups T5
—95 East and Southeast Asian peoples —951 Chinese —954 Tibetans History of Tibetan People in Tasmania Here is our number for Tibetans, which we append to our number. We started with the schedule, in the history class. We were given a base number for history: 9. Then we went to Table 2 to find the number for Tasmania. Then we went back to the schedule for further instructions. There we found a number that indicated we’re talking about a particular ethnic group:004. Then we were sent to Table 5 to find the number for Tibetans. 954 History (sched.) Tasmania (from T2) Ethnic grps (sched.) Tibetans (from Table 5)

930–990 (Continued) 01-09 Historical periods ... Add to 0 the period division numbers following 0 from the appropriate continent, country, locality in … Unless others are specified, add to each geographical subdivision of a country the period notations for the country as a whole, but only for those periods during which the specific subdivision formed part of the country. What if we have the history of a particular locality during a specific period? Our instructions tell us that if we have a history of New Delhi in a particular period, we use the period numbers for the larger geographic subdivision—in that case India—for the history of a particular locality in India. Let’s see what this means.

954 History of Asia Orient Far East 954
954 *South Asia India ... (.01) Ancient history to 647 (Optional number; prefer 934) … Reign of Jahangir, Reign of Shahjahan, History of the India during the reign of Shahjahan Let’s say we have the history of India during the reign of Shahjahan. We go the section on the history of the India and we find that our number has been built for us: But let’s look at the pattern: 9 is our base number for history 54 is our place number for the India then a 0 precedes our period number then we have a number that indicates the period during which Shahjahan reigned: 257. A 0 followed by 257 can be appended to any number for the history of a place within India to indicate that it is limited to the Reign of Shahjahan. Let’s see how that is handled. History India (place) Reign of Shahjahan (period) *Add as instructed under

930–990 (Continued) 01-09 Historical periods Add to 0 the period division numbers following 0 from the appropriate country, locality in … History of Delhi during the reign of Shahjahan What about the history Delhi—a place in India—during the same period? We start with our base number for history: 9. Then, following our pattern, we go to Table 2 to find the number for our place: Delhi. Go to Table 2 9

—54 South Asia India … — Delhi Class here Delhi, New Delhi History of Delhi during the reign of Shahjahan 9 54.56 We append the number for Delhi to our base number for history. Now we have the history of Delhi, but to specify the period, we return to the schedule to the history of the India. Back to schedule History (schedule) Delhi (Table 2) +

954 History of Asia Orient Far East 954
954 *South Asia India ... (.01) Ancient history to 647 (Optional number; prefer 934) … Reign of Jahangir, Reign of Shahjahan, History of Delhi during the reign of Shahjahan 954.56 257 Following the instructions in the schedule we add a zero to indicate that we are talking about a particular period. Here we see that the period designation for the Shahjahan is 257. So, following the zero, we append the digits 257. This gives us the history of Delhi during the period of the reign of Shahjahan: Our pattern: History + place period. History Delhi (place) Reign of Shahjahan (period) *Add as instructed under

9 History 954 History of India 954.56 History of Delhi Jahangir
Here is how we are arranging our books: The books about the history of the India in general come first, arranged by period. Then we have the histories of particular localities in India, arranged by period. We move from the general to the specific. Each section is arranged by period. Jahangir Jahangir Shahjahan Aurangzeb Shahjahan Aurangzeb .0256 .0257 .0258 .0256 .0257 .0258

930–990 History of ancient world; of specific continents, countries, localities; of extraterrestrial worlds Go to Table 2 … Add to base number 9 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., general history of Europe 940 … then add further as follows: 001 Philosophy and theory 002 Miscellany Maps, plans, diagrams 003 Dictionaries 004 Racial, ethnic, national groups Add to 004 notation … History of English cities What if we have the history not of a particular locality but of types of place in a country? For example, what if we have a history of British cities? Again, we start with 9 for history. Then we’re told to go to Table 2 to find the number for England. 9

—42 England and Wales … —421 Greater London — City of London History of English cities 9 History 42 We find the number for England and append it to our base number for history. Now we head back to the schedule for further instructions. Back to schedule History (schedule) England (Table 2) +

930–990 (Continued) 0091–0098 Areas, regions, places in general Add to 009 the numbers following —1 in notation 11–18 from Table 2, e.g. urban regions History of English cities 942 Back in the schedule we find instructions for how to handle areas, regions, and places in general. We are told to append 009 to the number we have already built. Then we are told to take the digits following the 1 in notation in Table 2. So we append 009 to our number. Then we head to Table 2, but this time to an area we haven’t looked at before. .009 Go to 11–18 section of T2

—1 Areas, regions, places in general; oceans and seas … —17 Socioeconomic regions —173 Socioeconomic regions by concentration of population — Urban regions — Suburban regions — Rural regions "Add to 009 the numbers following —1 in notation 11–18" History of English cities At the beginning of Table 2 we have subdivisions for areas, regions, places in general, and oceans. We scan down and we find the section for socioeconomic regions by concentration of population. Under that we find urban regions—meaning cities. Now our instructions told us to add to 009 the numbers following the 1 in numbers in Table 2. So we take the numbers following the one—732—and append them to our number. Now we have a number for the history of English cities: We started in the history class of the schedule. Then we went to Table 2 to get the number for England Then we went back to the schedule and were told to add 009. Then we went back to Table 2 to get our number for cities. 732 History (sched.) England (from T2) Areas in gen. (sched.) Urban areas (from T2)

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