1. Information Literacy for MOS ECS-65100, Lecture 2 January 2011, Marco van Veller and Annemie Kersten

2. Agenda  25 January: 15:30 - 17:15 h ● room C321: Classroom lecture + feedback and questions  1 February: 14:00 - 15:30 h ● room PC 602/606: Exam

3. When are you information literate?  Define the information you need  Understand the variety of information sources  Search efficiently ●fast, comprehensive and accurate  Search effectively ●get the information that suits your request  Evaluate and select the appropriate information  Manage the selected information  Use the selected information and avoid plagiarism

4. Influence of climatic change on food security Climate change has a direct impact on local weather patterns. Rising temperatures and less predictable and more erratic rainfall patterns resulting in periods of droughts or floods will directly affect agricultural production. This will have a negative impact on the food security of many rural households. To reduce the risks of crop failure and to be less vulnerable farmers will have to take action. What are the opportunities and possibilities for farmers in developing countries to adapt their farming systems to climate change?

5. Influence of climatic change on food security Climate change has a direct impact on local weather patterns. Rising temperatures and less predictable and more erratic rainfall patterns resulting in periods of droughts or floods will directly affect agricultural production. This will have a negative impact on the food security of many rural households. To reduce the risks of crop failure and to be less vulnerable farmers will have to take action. What are the opportunities and possibilities for farmers in developing countries to adapt their farming systems to climate change?

6. Influence of climatic change on food security Climate change has a direct impact on local weather patterns. Rising temperatures and less predictable and more erratic rainfall patterns resulting in periods of droughts or floods will directly affect agricultural production. This will have a negative impact on the food security of many rural households. To reduce the risks of crop failure and to be less vulnerable farmers will have to take action. What are the opportunities and possibilities for farmers in developing countries to adapt their farming systems to climate change?

7. Concepts (n=26)

8. Multidisciplinary databases 669 Scopus, Web of Science, Not specified

9. Subject specific databases 940 403 70000 3674 316 Not specified, CAB abstracts, Scirus, Agricola, Web of Science, Wageningen catalogue, Agris, Pubmed, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences

10. Influence of climatic change on food security What are the opportunities and possiblities for farmers in developing countries to adapt their farming systems to climate change?

11. Influence of climatic change on food security What are the opportunities and possibilities for farmers in developing countries to adapt their farming systems to climate change? To ensure food security

12. Example search 1: concepts Main conceptsRelevant search terms Climate change climate change, climatic change, global environmental change, global warming, global climate change Food security food security, food insecurity, food availability, food assurance Agricultural system agricultural system, agriculture, agricultural production, farming, farmer, food production Developing countries developing countries, least developed countries, poor countries, Third World countries, developing world Adaptationadaptation, adjustment, innovation, coping, alternatives

13. Example search 1: Search in Scopus (" climat* chang* " OR " global environmental chang* " OR " global warming " OR " global climate change ") AND (" agricultural system " OR " agriculture " OR " agricultural production " OR " farming " OR " farmer " OR " food production ") AND (" food security " OR " food insecurity " OR " food availability " OR " food assurance ") AND (" develop* countr* " OR " poor countr* " OR " Third World countr* " OR " develop* world ") AND (adapt* OR adjust* OR innovati* OR coping OR alternative) Number of records: 32 (all: 53); % of relevance = 81%

14. Search history in Scopus

15. Search results in Scopus

16. Example search 2: Search in Scopus Students’ search ("climat* chang*" OR "climate variability" OR "climate conditions") AND ("food security" OR "food safety") AND (farming OR "farming system" OR agronom* OR cultivation) AND ("developing countr*" OR "Third World Countr*" OR africa) AND (adaptation) Adjusted search ("climat* chang*" OR "climat* variability" OR "climat* conditions") AND ("food security" OR "food safety") AND (farm* OR agronom* OR cultivation) AND ("developing countr*" OR "Third World Countr*" OR africa) AND (adapt*)

17. Example search 2: Both searches in Scopus

18. Example search 2: Learn from results Cooper, P. J. M., J. Dimes, K. P. C. Rao, B. Shapiro, B. Shiferaw, and S. Twomlow. 2008. Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An essential first step in adapting to future climate change? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 126:24-35 Records retrieved and records which cite relevant articles provide new search terms: use these to adjust your search.

19. Example search 3: Search in Scopus Students’ search ("food security" OR "food supply" OR "agricultural production" OR "agricultural system" OR "food production" OR farming OR cultivation) AND ("developing countr*" OR "developing nation") AND ("climate change" OR "global warming") AND (chance? OR opportunit* OR possibilit*) Adjusted search ("food security" OR "food insecurity") AND ("food supply" OR "agricultural production" OR "agricultural system" OR "food production" OR farming OR cultivation) AND ("developing countr*" OR "developing nation") AND ("climate change" OR "global warming") AND (chance? OR opportunit* OR possibilit*)

20. Example search 3: Both searches in Scopus

21. Example search 3: Students’ search results

22. Example search 4 in CAB (exp climatic change) AND (exp farming systems OR exp farming OR exp agriculture) AND (exp food security) AND (exp developing countries)

23. Example search 4: search history in CAB abstracts

24. Example search 4: thesaurus in CAB abstracts

25. Example search 4: search results CAB abstracts

26. Use of thesaurus  Find out the right search terms  Include narrower terms with explode  Search specific in keywords field  Not in all databases available

27. Choice of subject specific databases  Use the Portals, Resources by subject, on the Library sitePortals ● Choose a bibliography by checking the content (or do a metasearch in the databases)  Use Metasearch (not preferred) ● Do a simple search and compare the results ● Note: Scopus is not searched well by Metasearch

28. Evaluating search results Determining relevance and quality Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009

29. Judging bibliographic records  Is the content of this document appropriate for my research topic?  Is it worth the effort of getting the full text and reading it?  Criteria: ● type of document ● subject and scope – abstract information ● primary or secondary research ● audience ● date of publication ● author details

30. Judging bibliographic records  Type of document ● Books ● Research reports ● Theses ● Conference proceedings ● Government/policy documents ● Journal articles

31. Journal articles Scientific journals Research Peer reviewed Professional journals Practical Non-peer reviewed

32. Peer review A standard procedure in scholarly publishing, whereby a prospective publisher submits the manuscript of an article to experts in the research field for their critical scrutiny, under conditions of anonymity, with the aim of assuring quality and reliability of findings. © American Chemical Society 2009

33. Judging bibliographic records  Primary research presents original research methods or findings for the first time. Examples include: ● A journal article or research report that presents new findings and new theories ● A poster presented at a conference  Secondary research provides a compilation or evaluation of previously presented material. Examples include: ● A review article summarizing research or data ● A textbook

34. Judging bibliographic records  Intended audience Is the publication aimed at scientists, professionals, policy makers, students or a general audience? Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009

35. Evaluating internet resources  Anyone can publish  Advertising can be disguised as facts.  Quality criteria: ● Accuracy ● Objectivity ● Authority (of author and publisher) ● Currency Example and feedback in exercise herbalifeherbalife Illustration © Peter Steiner 1993

36. Reference management  Selecting references  Print, download, e-mail  Export to reference management software ● EndNote (short demo) © Thomson Reuters 1988-2010

37. Publishing  Publishing: why ● contribution to the record of science ● part of research process (requirement) ● reflection ● evaluation (publish or perish)  Publishing: where ● Type of document ● Journal selection, impact factors ● Open access journals: BioMed Central, PLoS Biology

38. Plagiarism  Definition: Taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own.  (also known as) Copy and paste  Plagiarism is a serious academic offence  Wageningen University uses Turnitin to check student reports  Avoid unintentional plagiarism by citing correctly Illustration © Loet van Moll 2009

39. Plagiarism exercise 1  Original text “This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland.”  Text from Mr. Smith The study of Tanner and Gange (2005) has shown that golf courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. Tanner R. A. and A. C. Gange, 2005. Effects of golf courses on local biodiversity. Landscape and urban planning, Vol. 71, 2-4, 137-146

40. Plagiarism exercise 2 Original text “This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. “ Text from Mr. Smith The study of Tanner and Gange (2005) has shown that “golf courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland.” (p.....) Direct quotations must be quoted!!

41. Plagiarism exercise 3 Original text “This study has shown that golf courses can enhance the diversity of three indicator groups (birds, ground beetles and bumblebees), relative to adjacent pasture farmland. “ Text from Mrs. Brown According to Tanner and Gange (2005) the diversity of birds and some insect groups can be higher on golf courses than on adjacent farmland. Tanner R. A. and A. C. Gange, 2005. Effects of golf courses on local biodiversity. Landscape and urban planning, Vol. 71, 2-4, 137-146

42. Plagiarism exercise 3: Secondary source Is it okay when you cite Mr. Smith for this information originating from Tanner and Gange? Preferable not. But in case you cannot get the original publication, it is allowed. You have to indicate that this is a secondary source, e.g. (Tanner and Gange, 2005, as cited in Smith, 2010). In your reference list you should provide the details of the secondary source (the source you read). Whether you have to give the details of the primary source or not, depends on the citation style.

43. Referring, citing, quoting  To allow readers to find and check your information sources  To give authors of these sources credit for their work  Methods ● In-text citations and quotes ● Reference lists ● Many different styles ● Bibliographic details differ per document type

44. Examples of styles Kotir, J. H. (2011). "Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security." Environment, Development and Sustainability 13(3): 587-605. 1.Kotir, J.H., Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2011. 13(3): p. 587-605.

45. Choice of style  Ask your supervisor  Citation guides Citation guides  Journal style: About this journal, Author guidelines ● Journal of Hydrology Journal of Hydrology Wrong style: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (http://www.springerlink.com/content/u2j72l0244j1 m77q/)http://www.springerlink.com/content/u2j72l0244j1 m77q/ DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64

46. Evaluation – zie ook Agenda  Assignment ● Assignment had to be submitted in order to get a grade for this course  Exam ● PC exam on 1 February 2012 ● Re-exam on 3 May 2012 ● Final grade is based upon this exam (minimum 5.5)  Contact: marco.vanveller@wur.nl or annemie.kersten@wur.nlmarco.vanveller@wur.nl annemie.kersten@wur.nl

47. End slide Thank you for your attention!