1. The Middle and Southern Colonies

2. A New Era of Colonization After the English Civil War, King Charles IIwas “restored” to the throne. He repaid political favors by establishing proprietary colonies, grants of land to loyal friends. Several new colonies were established

4. New York New Netherland – founded by Peter Minuet in 1624 to make profit The king gave the Duke of York (his brother) land claimed by Dutch as New Netherland. In 1664 an English fleet sailed into the harbor and demanded surrender. By 1674 New Netherland was firmly in English hands, it was renamed New York.

5. New York  Diverse population: English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans  Grew and prospered under English rule  A treaty with the Iroquois protected the fur trade.  The Duke of York gave the land south of the Hudson River to two of his political allies; Berkeley and Carteret, they named it New Jersey.  By early 1700s, New York and New Jersey became royal colonies.

6. The Middle Colonies – New Netherlands Becomes New York - Thriving, tolerant and diverse colony (large African population; dissenters). Charles gave the first land grant to his brother James, the duke of York, awarding him this area. Tensions between the Dutch and English began running high.

7. New Southern Colonies The Carolinas  Was co-owned by eight men  Large port – Charles Town Georgia  James Oglethorpe – founded colony as place for debtors to have a new start in life instead of going to prison.  By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.

8. The Carolinas  In two charters given by King Charles II – one in 1663 and the other in 1665 – eight men became co-owners of Carolina.  The land was previously considered Virginian territory, stretching all the way to Spanish Florida.  They named Carolina after King Charles II; Carolus being the Latin form of Charles.

9. The Carolinas  In two charters given by King Charles II – one in 1663 and the other in 1665 – eight men became co-owners of Carolina.  The land was previously considered Virginian territory, stretching all the way to Spanish Florida.  They named Carolina after King Charles II; Carolus being the Latin form of Charles.

10. Carolinas Continued  Settlement was slow and so some proprietors dropped out.  In 1670 Charles Town, the future capital of the colony, was founded.  The north of Carolina developed very differently than the south.

11. Carolinas Continued  Because of these differences, in 1729 seven of the proprietors sold their interest in the northern part of the colony to the Crown.  The King then made the North Carolina and South Carolina separate royal colonies.

12. Inside Story KEY PERSON: James Oglethorpe: English humanitarian general – interested in improving the lives of the people. As a member of Parliament he investigated the horrendous conditions of English prisons and was especially concerned with honest people who had been thrown in prison for being unable to pay their debts.

13. James Oglethorpe Continued  Proposed starting a new colony for debtors.  King George II awarded Oglethorpe with his charter and by the next year he arrived with colonists and founded the city of Savannah, Georgia.

14. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania Quakers upset people in Europe:  Believed in direct communication with God; had no ministers or hierarchy of priests and bishops.  Had meetings where their members rose to speak.  Believed in the equality of all men and women.  Were pacifists who refused to fight in wars.  Were only welcomed in Rhode Island.  William Penn received grant of land from King to repay a debt to his father.

15. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania A tolerant colony  Penn named his colony Pennsylvania and named the city Philadelphia, Greek for “City of Brotherly Love.”  Wars in Europe ruined farms and trade, caused religious clashes  Refuge for Quakers and others suffering religious persecution  Offered land at reasonable prices  Diverse population

16. New Jersey  After James received New York, gave land to two of his political allies, Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkeley.  Carteret, from the Isle of Jersey, named the colony New Jersey.  Berkeley sold his portion of the colony to the Quakers in Pennsylvania.  The Quakers split New Jersey between East and West.  By the early 18 th Century (1700s) both New Jersey and New York became Royal Colonies.

17. Delaware & Maryland  In 1638 Swedes settled Delaware  In 1655 the Dutch took over, colony was later seized by England and ruled by an appointed governor George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) wanted a haven for Catholics, asked king for land He died, but his son, Cecil, got rights and founded Maryland. Toleration Act was passed to protect the rights of all Christians in Maryland.

18. Delaware  The Swedes originally settled here in 1638, near what is now the city of Wilmington, Delaware.  Swedish rule was brief.  In 1655 the Dutch took New Sweden.  The colony was taken by the English in 1664.

20. Northern Colonies  New Hampshire – John Mason received grant from King to settle area, becomes part of Mass in 1641, named separate royal colony in 1679  Connecticut – 1636, Thomas Hooker (dissenter) and a group leave Mass to form new colony  Rhode Island – Roger Williams (dissenter) left Mass Bay and formed Providence, RI in 1638 in order to have freedom of religion