1. Introduction to Strategy Jill Bamburg Bainbridge Graduate Institute October, 2007

2. What Is Strategy? Can be at all organizational levels: company, business unit, functional area, product, customer, etc. Big picture, long-term, major impact, significant, a platform for other decisions and actions Uncertainty, big bets on an unknown future

3. Three Important Threads With apologies to Henry Mintzberg Plan: Michael Porter et. Al. Process: An OD perspective Pattern: Henry Mintzberg

4. Strategy as Plan The mainstream view: Harvard, GE, McKinsey, BCG Key authors: Porter, Prahalad & Hamel, Kaplan & Norton, Slywotzky Rational, systematic, analytical, predictable, uses numbers, left-brained

5. Strategy as Process Mission, vision, values Strategy Implementation Multi-stakeholder process Focus on alignment

6. Strategy as Pattern with thanks to Henry Mintzberg Realized Strategy Deliberate Strategy Intended Strategy Emergent Strategy Unrealized Strategy

7. My Biases Plan: My focus Process: Alignment = key issue Pattern: Strategy and Innovation Focus and Opportunism

8. Strategy as Plan(ning) Mission, Vision, Values Environmental Scanning External Internal Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Evaluation & Control SWOT Creation of Alternatives Evaluation of Alternatives Selection of Alternatives Balanced Scorecard Annual Planning and Budgeting Cycle Unplanned Opportunities?

9. Environmental Scanning External Internal SWOT PEST(E): Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Environmental Industry Analysis, Competitive Analysis Core competencies Value chain analysis Resource assessment Strengths, Weaknesses/ Opportunities, Threats

10. Strategy Formulation: Choosing among Alternatives Creation Evaluation Selection Forecasting Backcasting Scenario Planning Criteria Evaluation against criteria Plotting: BCG, GE, 2x2s, others Judgment Politics

11. Implementation (and Evaluation/Control) Strategic Planning FUTURE FOCUSED Annual Planning and Budgeting GROUNDED IN HISTORY Balanced Scorecard

12. Unplanned Opportunities The Problem Some Solutions ALL organizational resources are fully committed to existing programs Slack Skunkworks R&D Venture funds Acquisitions Systems for innovation ---------------THE ORGANIZATIONAL IMMUNE SYSTEM------------