1. Information and Knowledge Sharing in the Agbiosciences Worldwide: Open Traditions, Open Borders Peter Ballantyne USAIN Conference April 2008

2. Traditions “The field of knowledge is the common property of all mankind” - Thomas Jefferson, 1807 “Public science systems … are based on the principle of openness and the free exchange of ideas, information and knowledge” – OECD, 2007

3. “An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research … The new technology is the internet” – Budapest OA Initiative, 2002

4. Open Borders Public domain AgBiosciences information and knowledge that wants to travel and migrate needs open borders (or open ways to cross closed ones) Can we adopt –Open formats and licenses (‘passports’) that allow and encourage content to travel –Open tools, standards and systems (visa's) that facilitate exchange and accessibility of this content –Open mindsets and philosophies that value collaboration, sharing and the knowledge of others

5. Opening the Borders? Making Goods Public Acting in Innovation Systems Using the Web 2.0

6. Public Goods Research knowledge and technology outputs that are applicable and readily accessible –IPCC work on climate change, research on biodiversity, research into diseases….? [the benefits are for all of us] Reports, articles, data, databases, maps, books, policy recommendations … A research output is a PG when “others should be able to access and benefit from the research” – Jim Ryan for the CGIAR Our task is to provide the access, and enable benefits

7. How public are the goods? Staff of a research institute: –Produced 50 journal articles 100% available online on internet 22% open accessible online 52% open accessible through AGORA –Produced 31 books and chapters 32% available online [mainly google books] –Produced 30 conference papers 60% open accessible online –Produced 52 own reports 83% open accessible online Is research a ‘public good’ when many outputs are unavailable and inaccessible? What level of ‘publicly’ accessible is desirable, acceptable, feasible? –Do accessibility and quality compete?

8. Making Goods Public? Goods are not ‘born’ public, we need to make them public: Available, Accessible, Applicable Available, in full, now and for the future Open, easy to access and exchange, in different ways, by different people … Relevant, and in forms that others can apply How do we, singly and together, make our goods ‘public’?

10. Innovation Systems Before, a few people and organizations had, and produced, and needed ‘the’ knowledge Now, we recognize that ALL the actors in a ‘system’ have some useful knowledge “To be properly knowledgeable, the centres and the peripheries need to be in conversations with the other” – Wendell Berry speaking at usain/iaald, 2005

11. An Innovation System - Various actors

12. Acting in Innovation Systems? “All actors in the R&D process – from research design to those who will apply the outcomes in the field – should communicate with each other and should have equal access to knowledge” – CGIAR Science Council, 2006 How do we enable the different ‘actors’ to connect with each other’s knowledge

13. Web 2.0 User-generated / user-personalized / user re-mixed content ‘Published’ for others to easily re-use, and re-compose ‘Attitude of mind’ as well as toolset

14. The ‘social’ apps blogs and vlogs, to publish our content in words, videos or images; wikis and social network tools, to jointly develop ideas and exchange; tags, to order our thoughts; feeds spreading the word to other sites and across the net; mash-ups, bringing views of the web together for ourselves and others

20. Removing Border Controls? Facilitate open, inclusive, multi-directional interactions among actors and knowledge in innovation systems Make goods and content ‘public’ with ‘triple A’ ratings of availability, accessibility, applicability Use Web 2.0 as the ‘open’ visa’s for content to travel far and wide

21. Work across Borders Join international Communities