2. Psy 110: Neuroscience Guest Lecture: Sept 30, 2011 Julie Neiworth Professor of Psychology

3. How are mind processes accomplished in the brain? Step 1: hands clasped: finger pointing problem. Step 2: twisted hands clasped: same problem. What does this tell you about brain processing of visual information and about directing movement?

4. 05-04 W. W. Norton

5. Levels of Analysis

6. 01-10 W. W. Norton

7. 02-04 W. W. Norton receive Send out….

8. 01-11b W. W. Norton

9. 02-09 W. W. Norton receive Axons send out…

10. 02-10 W. W. Norton

11. 02-30b W. W. Norton

12. 02-28 W. W. Norton neurotransmitter

13. 02-13 W. W. Norton

14. 02-29 Adapted from Kandel, E.R. Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M. (Eds.), Principles of Neural Science, 3rd edition. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by Appleton & Lange.

15. 02-19 Adapted from Kandel, E.R. Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M. (Eds.), Principles of Neural Science, 3rd edition. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by Appleton & Lange.

16. How is information transmitted? Myelinated axons help to transmit further (keep signal stronger) Rate of firing can enhance chemical changes to get to threshold: temporal summation Number of cells firing on to postsynaptic cell can influence amount of change chemically/electrically: spatial summation.

17. How we use neuron changes to track brain states PET scans – radioactive glucose at areas of excitation fMRI – deoxygenated blood at areas of excitation EEG – track neuronal firing at the surface, extrapolate about groups of neurons OTHERWISE: –CAT scans – find lesions, permanent –MRI scans – find tissue weaknesses, permanent

18. 02-35 Adapted from Purves D., Augustine, G., and Fitzpatrick, D. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinaur Associates. IV. Imbalances in nt systems: Their effects.

19. 02-35 Adapted from Purves D., Augustine, G., and Fitzpatrick, D. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinaur Associates. IV. Imbalances in nt systems: Their effects. Not enough dopamine: Parkinson’sParkinson’s disease, originating from substantia nigra and basal ganglia

20. 02-35 Adapted from Purves D., Augustine, G., and Fitzpatrick, D. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinaur Associates. IV. Imbalances in nt systems: Their effects. Too much dopamine in motor areas: Tourette’s syndrome.

21. 02-35 Adapted from Purves D., Augustine, G., and Fitzpatrick, D. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinaur Associates. IV. Imbalances in nt systems: Their effects. Too much dopamine: Schizophrenia Paranoid delusions. Mild hallucinations.

22. 03-28a W. W. Norton

23. 03-09 W. W. Norton

24. 05-04 W. W. Norton

25. 03-15 W. W. Norton John: Damage between occipital and parietal

26. 03-23 W. W. Norton Clive: movie David: cap gras, John: temporal epilepsy

27. Summary: Neuronal changes help to determine how the brain processes information as you are thinking, seeing, doing. Brain structures and functions are used to understand deficits caused in particular patients. From both we build a model of how the brain supports the mind.