1. Prokaryotes: Archaea & Bacteria

2. The Tree of Life All living things classified in three domains:  Bacteria  Archaea  Eukarya

3. Amazing Living Things Microbes important to all life: DDecomposition OOver half of Earth’s biomass MMore bacterial cells than human cells in your body!

4. Prokaryotes Prokaryotes have:  DNA or RNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane  Most prokaryotes have a cell wall, a capsule (around the cell wall) and a flagellum Prokaryotes don’t have:  Organelles such as nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria.

5. Generalized Prokaryote Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Cytosol Nucleoid DNA Flagellum Plasmid DNA

6. Bacteria/Archaea Habitats (name a place, and they live there!)  They are specialists human skin, mouth, respiratory tract, large intestine, urogenital tract, etc. salty Dead Sea extreme pH archea in deep sea vents: 90-106 o C  Aerobes and anaerobes

7. Some Prokaryotes Thrive in Extreme Conditions Cyanobacteria in Yellowstone Hot Springs

8. Archaea Unique lipid membranes, cell walls, and RNA EXTREME Environments:  Swamps, hot springs, vent communities, cow stomachs  concentrated salt environments  hot, acidic environments

9. Bacteria Shape:  Cocci - round  Bacilli - rod  Spirilla - spirals

10. Three Common Bacterial Shapes (a) (b) (c) cocci spirillus bacillus

11. The Prokaryote Flagellum Bacterium Flagella

12. Bacteria Reproduction Reproduction is asexual, by simple splitting (binary fission) Daughter cells are genetic clones of the parent cell

13. Binary Fission DNA

14. Benefits of Bacteria Symbiosis (mutualism)  Ruminants’ digestive tracts  Nitrogen fixing in soil, nodules on certain legumes  Bacteria on/in the human body: intestines and vitamin K and B12 Biodegradation - oil Food production - cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut Decomposers

15. Our Relationship With Bacteria

16. Harmful Bacteria Some cause disease = pathogenic In humans: SStrep throat TToxins - tetanus, botulism PPneumonia ""Flesh-eating" bacteria PPlague TTuberculosis CCholera LLyme disease ANTIBIOTICS= anti bacterial!!!

17. The Causes of Tooth Decay

18. Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens Airborne Water Food Direct (skin contact, blood, and other body fluids) Insects and other hosts such as deer tick (Lyme).

19. Germ Theory of Disease Theory that microorganisms are the cause of disease. 1859 – Louis Pasteur  Credited with the idea that human diseases were caused by bacteria and viruses (germ theory)  Very important discovery in the field of medicine  Also created vaccinations to prevent disease

20. Infectious Diseases Average age of death, in first world countries, jumped 30+ years in last century  due to antibiotics  enhanced hygiene and nutrition Antibiotic-resistant infections on the rise in hospitals in the U.S.  This is due to bacterial evolution in response to widespread use of antibiotics!