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Published byLesley Fields Modified over 9 years ago
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Voltage in Electrical Systems
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Unit 4 Voltage Pages 71-76 Voltage source Conductors Control element Electrical appliance Electrical loads Electrical circuit Direct current Alternating current Volts Primary cells Secondary cells Electrode Cathode Anode In series Electron Frequency Voltmeter
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Unit 4 Voltage Pages 77 Answer # 1-8
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Electrical Systems Made up of voltage sources, conductors, control elements, and appliances and machines Batteries/generators, wire/circuits, switches, lights/appliance
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Conductor Any material that allows the movement of electrical energy through it
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Control Element Wall switch Volume on a radio Variable speed switch
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Electrical Load Motor Light Bulb Appliance
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Electrical Circuit Closed path made by connecting voltage sources, control elements, and electrical loads
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AC vs. DC Electricity AC – Alternating Current DC – Direct Current
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AC Electric charges move back and forth many times a second in the wire DC Electric charges in wires always move in one direction
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AC Produced by alternators DC Produced by batteries
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Dry-cell batteries A chemical produces the voltage Wet-cell batteries Contain a liquid electrolyte Usually a strong acid Used to start engines because they can deliver a lot of power
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Primary cells Not easily recharged Secondary cells Easily recharged The ability to recharge a battery allows us to group these chemical producers of voltage into two classes
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How are DC Voltage sources connected? The output of a voltage source comes from two terminals called electrodes DC sources normally have two electrodes A Positive and a negative
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How are DC Voltage sources connected? Electrons move in the circuit as if they were flowing out of the negative electrode and into the positive The negative electrode is called the “cathode” The positive electrode is called the “anode”
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How do we produce higher voltage? DC voltage sources can be added together in series Positive source must be connected to the negative terminal of the other source in succession If connected in an opposing manner it will sometimes cause battery damage
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What makes up a simple DC Circuit? How do we make schematics? Symbols: Battery Light bulb Switch Conductors
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AC Voltage AC Voltage changes direction about 60 times each second This rate of change is called the frequency Frequency is measured in cycles per second or hertz
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How do we measure voltage Modern electronics have made digital voltmeters available Oscilloscopes are used often in analyzing, testing, and troubleshooting electrical systems and circuits They can also be used as voltmeters
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