4.  Satyrs—A woodland creature depicted as having the pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry. They accompaniedDionysus.

5. Dithyramb a song Comedy Satire (from satyr) Parody Tragedy based on human suffering from “tragos” (“goat song”)

6.  Theatron— literally “watching place”- where the audience sat  Orchestra—where the chorus sang and danced  Parados— aisles where actors or chorus entered and exited  Skene— backdrop or scenic wall  Machinery: aerorema Deus ex machina ekkyklema

8. 1. Visibility 2. Characterization – Emotion, Men only 3. Few actors, many roles 4. Acoustic Assistance

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13.  Thespis (c. 534 BC.) – one actor  Aeschylus (525 BC.) – two actors  Sophocles (497 BC.) – three actors

14.  Son of a wealthy household  Highly educated  Served as chorus leader  Later, served as high official in Athens and playwright  Wrote 120 plays; Seven still exist  Most awarded playwright for 50 years  Well respected by Athenians  Died at age of 90; Athenians paid homage to him.

15.  Represent the citizens of the city  Usually sings or chants  Chorus leader interacts with characters as a representative of the citizens  Playwrights would choreograph the movements of the chorus

16.  Provide background  Summarize previous scene  Comment on theme or action of the drama  Represent the attitude of the citizens  Foreshadow

17.  Unity of Time  Unity of Place  Unity of Plot

18. Trilogy: Oedipus the King Oedipus in Colonus Antigone

19. pre-determined & inescapable The Fates three white-robed personifications of destiny controlled the thread of life of every mortal and immortal appeared three nights after a baby’s birth to determine destiny feared even by the gods

20. Clotho—spins the thread Lachesis—measures the thread Atropos—cuts the thread

21.  A young king and queen have a son  They seek a prophecy about their son from the Oracle of Delphi

22. “He will one day kill his father and marry his mother.” In response, the baby is “exposed,” his feet “pinned”, and he is left on the mountain

23.  King Polybus & Queen Merope  childless, they adopt the baby  They name him Oedipus = swollen foot  is brought up as a prince, unaware of his own history

24.  Goes to the Oracle of Delphi for counsel  Is told, “You will someday kill your father and marry your mother”  Horrified, Oedipus decides to leave Corinth

25.  travels across the mountain  altercation at the crossroads with a wealthy man in a chariot and the man’s servants. He kills the man and all but one of the servants.

26. Lioness with wings and human head Stood at entrance to Thebes, devoured anyone unable to answer her riddle “What goes on four legs in the morning, on two legs in the afternoon, and on three legs in the evening?”

27.  marries the beautiful queen, Jocasta  has four children: Eteocles, Polynieces, Antigone, Ismene  They live happily many years

28.  Messenger sent to Oracle of Delphi to find the cause of the plague which is destroying the citizens of Thebes  Oracle says there is a plague because the murderer of the late King Laius still lives in the city of Thebes

29. King Oedipus calls Tiresius, the blind seer Tiresius says, “Do not seek the murderer lest you find that is you yourself” Jocasta tells Oedipus, “All seers are all liars” Dramatic Irony-occurs when the audience knows more than the character himself does

30.  Messenger from Corinth  Oedipus can return—King Polybus is dead  “You are Merope’s beloved adopted son”

31.  Jocasta leaves upset and kills herself offstage.

32.  Oedipus blinds himself with Jocasta’s brooch pins  Says, “I could not see the truth when I had eyes”

33. Sons are put under the care of Creon, their uncle Daughters accompany their father to Colonus and live with him there in exile. Polynieces visits Oedipus He has been banished by Creon and Eteocles, and is preparing to attack Thebes with the help of the Argive army.

34. On his deathbed, Oedipus fortells the doom of his two sons, that they will kill each other in battle There is a firestorm from Zeus as Oedipus dies

35. 1. The tragic hero is an important person (ie: king, princess) * Ancient Greeks felt that the tragedy would be more profound if the hero had more to lose 2. The tragic hero has a tragic flaw, usually hubris (excessive pride) which leads to his/her downfall. 3. The tragic hero has an important moral choice. 4. The choice which the hero makes leads to ruin. 5. The destruction which the hero causes becomes widespread, affecting those around the tragic hero. 6. The hero experiences an epiphany as a result of the destruction he has caused.