2. The Crusades, Renaissance, Reformation, and the time of Revolutions Europe – 14 th to 16 th century

3. The Crusades Time period between 11 th and 13 th centuries when Western European Christians went to reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims. Time period between 11 th and 13 th centuries when Western European Christians went to reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims. They opened up new trade routes and were fascinated by ancient Greek and Roman life. They opened up new trade routes and were fascinated by ancient Greek and Roman life.

4. The Renaissance Era of creativity and learning in Western Europe from the 14 th – 16 th Centuries. Era of creativity and learning in Western Europe from the 14 th – 16 th Centuries. Renaissance means “Rebirth.” Renaissance means “Rebirth.” Begins on the Italian Peninsula in the mid 14 th century Begins on the Italian Peninsula in the mid 14 th century --Lorenzo the Magnificent (Medici) (1449-1492)

5. Renaissance Art Renaissance art stressed proportion, balance and harmony—and was not otherworldly Renaissance art stressed proportion, balance and harmony—and was not otherworldly Artistic problems of perspective and composition addressed using mathematics Artistic problems of perspective and composition addressed using mathematics -“linear perspective” gave the impression of depth to the picture.

6. Leonardo Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) True Renaissance Man True Renaissance Man Scientist, inventor, engineer and naturalist Scientist, inventor, engineer and naturalist Best known for art and inventions Best known for art and inventions Short attention span Short attention span

7. Raphael Raphael (1483-1520) Raphael (1483-1520) Man of great sensitivity and kindness Man of great sensitivity and kindness Died at the age of 37 Died at the age of 37

8. Michelangelo Michelangelo Michelangelo Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Conflict with Pope Julius II Conflict with Pope Julius II Incredible energy and endurance Incredible energy and endurance

9. Donatello Donatello Donatello 1386 1466 1386 1466 a famous early Renaissance artist and sculptor a famous early Renaissance artist and sculptor

10. Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello Heroes on the half shell – TURTLE POWER!

11. William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616) William Shakespeare (1564-1616) --Globe Theater Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and genres Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and genres Macbeth: ambition Macbeth: ambition Hamlet: individualism Hamlet: individualism Romeo and Juliet: Revenge Romeo and Juliet: Revenge Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of words Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of words

12. The Reformation  Reformation (16 th century) was an attempt to reform (change) the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

13.  1483-1546 German monk  Criticized Catholic Church  Spoke out again the policy of selling indulgences – practice of forgiving sins in exchange for money.

14. Gutenberg’s Printing Press – how did it change Europe People were able to own books – before books had been written by hand. People were able to own books – before books had been written by hand. Explosion of printed materials Explosion of printed materials --By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-10 million copies Gave people access to the Bible in their own language Gave people access to the Bible in their own language

15. Age of Exploration Europeans wanted to discover a direct route to Asia for the Spice Trade. Europeans wanted to discover a direct route to Asia for the Spice Trade. They could make more money if they dealt directly with Asia. They could make more money if they dealt directly with Asia.

16. Christopher Columbus Italian – believed the shortest way to Asia was to sail west. Italian – believed the shortest way to Asia was to sail west. Set sail in 1492 Set sail in 1492 Landed in the Caribbean instead of Asia. Landed in the Caribbean instead of Asia.

17. Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese explorer, tried to sail around the world (circumnavigate). Portuguese explorer, tried to sail around the world (circumnavigate). Left Spain with 5 ships and 200 sailors (1519). Left Spain with 5 ships and 200 sailors (1519). Magellan was killed in the Philippines Magellan was killed in the Philippines 3 years later, 1 ship and 18 sailors returned to Spain. 3 years later, 1 ship and 18 sailors returned to Spain.

18. John Cabot Italian named Giovanni Caboto – he was funded by England Italian named Giovanni Caboto – he was funded by England Believed sailing north across the Atlantic would be a shortcut to Asia. Believed sailing north across the Atlantic would be a shortcut to Asia. He found Canada instead (1497). He found Canada instead (1497).

19. Imperialism The practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory. The practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory.

20. Results of Exploration Clash of cultures Clash of cultures Religious conversion Religious conversion Spread of diseases Spread of diseases Slavery Slavery

21. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION CREATION OF A NEW WORLDVIEW  Questioning of old knowledge & assumptions  Gradual replacement of religious & superstition presumptions  Gradual rise of science & reason

22. The Scientific Revolution Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) first to see microscopic life in a drop of water. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) first to see microscopic life in a drop of water.

23. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS  GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)  Constructed first telescope  Described motion of bodies on earth

24. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS  ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)  Universal Gravitation: combined laws of planetary & earth motion  Scientific Method

25. Industrial Revolution - Definition Industrial Revolution - A period of change beginning in the late 18 th century, during which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven machines Industrial Revolution - A period of change beginning in the late 18 th century, during which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven machines

26. Industrial Revolution - Began in ENGLAND in late 1700’s Began in ENGLAND in late 1700’s Factories, steam engines are very important; can make products more quickly and cheaply Factories, steam engines are very important; can make products more quickly and cheaply The first industry was the TEXTILE (CLOTH) INDUSTRY The first industry was the TEXTILE (CLOTH) INDUSTRY

27. Industrial Revolution Issues Child labor was a huge problem Child labor was a huge problem More people move to cities More people move to cities Population increases Population increases Issues with overpopulation (diseases, crime) Issues with overpopulation (diseases, crime) Pollution!!!!!!!! Pollution!!!!!!!!

28. Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system where factories and businesses are privately owned. This is the economic system used in the United States. Capitalism is an economic system where factories and businesses are privately owned. This is the economic system used in the United States.

29. French Revolution King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

30. The French Revolution Causes Government in debt Government in debt Poor harvests + increased population = food shortages and hunger Poor harvests + increased population = food shortages and hunger Heavy taxes Heavy taxes A clueless king and queen A clueless king and queen

31. Storming of the Bastille

32. Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789 July 14, 1789 Angry mobs attack the prison and release all the prisoners Angry mobs attack the prison and release all the prisoners

33. French Republic New constitution New constitution Opposition (including the monarchs) is beheaded with a new invention – the guillotine Opposition (including the monarchs) is beheaded with a new invention – the guillotine

34. Reign of Terror Still no peace. Still no peace. From 1793-1794, 17,000 people killed From 1793-1794, 17,000 people killed

35. Reign of Terror

36. Napoleon General Napoleon Bonaparte takes control and restores order. General Napoleon Bonaparte takes control and restores order. He becomes emperor in 1804. He becomes emperor in 1804.