1. FMOS で探る Extremely Red Universe II. FMOS で探る Extremely Red Universe II. Extremely Red Universe Probed with FMOS Extremely Red Universe Probed with FMOS Toru Yamada (NAOJ)

2. Targets for FMOS ☆ Extremely-Red Objects ☆ Extremely-Red Objects ☆ Multi-wavelength sample ☆ Multi-wavelength sample ☆ NIR-selected sample ☆ NIR-selected sample Suprime-Cam/UKIDSS DXS 10 deg 2 Imaging Survey Wide-field optical imaging at the two northern DXS fields (Lockman Hole, ELIAS N1) with Suprime-Cam w/ T.Futamase, M.Kajisawa, T.Kodama, H.Matsuhara, K.Ohta, K.Sekiguchi, Y.Taniguchi, K.Umetzu, and T.Wada and UKIDSS DXS team

3. UKIDSS DXS ( → Edge san ’ s talk) Northern Fields Lockman Hole Lockman Hole ELIAS N1 ELIAS N1 K<21 J<22.5 K<21 J<22.5

4. Lockman Hole (11h) ELIAS N1 Field Configuration: TBD Suprime-Cam Wide-Field Imaging Survey I < 26 mag 10 deg2 (40 FOV of Scam ) 10 nights Bkg:SWIRE

5. ERO / HERO selected in UKIDSS DXS ☆ Trivial targets for FMOS ☆ They may be: Old Passive Galaxies at z=1-3 Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at z > 1 Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at z > 1 Dusty AGN at High and Intermediate Redshift Dusty AGN at High and Intermediate Redshift ~10 4 Dusty EROs

6. Mannucci (2001) This works at z~1.5 (But maybe not at z~2)

7. ERO / HERO selected in UKIDSS DXS ☆ Trivial targets for FMOS ☆ They may be: Old Passive Galaxies at z=1-3 Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at z > 1 Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at z > 1 Dusty AGN at High and Intermediate Redshift Dusty AGN at High and Intermediate Redshift IJK SED/photometric redshift e.g., I-K>4 (for K=21, I > 25 data is needed) J-K>2 J-K>2

8. Passive Old Galaxies at 1 < z < 3 z=2 z=3 Model SED: Kodama et al. (1998) Coma Metal Sequence models Conspicuous red colors at z=1-3

9. Number Density and Spatial Distribution of Old Passive Galaxies Color Selection … Pure photometric easy to observe, easy to model easy to observe, easy to model O ldest galaxies are always Reddest at any redshift O ldest galaxies are always Reddest at any redshift tracing morphological transformation is very difficult tracing morphological transformation is very difficult Wide Field … Fair sample of the universe Search for rare objects (massive clusters, ULIRG) Search for rare objects (massive clusters, ULIRG) High statistical accuracy High statistical accuracy FMOS … Confirmation/Calibration of Redshift Distribution ★ Constraint for stellar formation epoch of the oldest galaxies ★ Study galaxy formation bias using the oldest galaxies ★ Search for massive clusters or their progenitors at z=1-3

10. 53W002 field Model: z(obs)=2.4 Yamada et al. 2001 K=20 J-K=2 Franx et al. (2003) HDF-S Ks < 22.5 5L*

11. Results at z~1 from SXDS SXDS: B<28, R < 27, I< 26.5, z<25.5 (AB) 1.2 sq. deg Redshift Z ’ mag i-z R-z w/ Kodama, Akiyama, Iye, Karoji, Noumaru, Sasaki, Simpson, SXDS team

12. 1.3 度 Subaru Suprime Cam 1.2 deg2 B(28.) V(26.) R(27.) I ’ (26.5) z ’ (25.5) XMM 100 ksec (center) 50 ksec x 6

13. SXDS z ’ -band selected objects Color distribution Z-selected objects 0.8 < i-z < 1.2

14. Old Passive Galaxies in SXDS Field (z ’ AB <23)

15. Redshift Distribution of the Obejects Selected by Color Criteria For Old Passive Galaxies Z < 22 All

16. Redshift Disribution Vs. magnitude and colors 5L*, zf=5 5L*, zf=3

17. FMOS 10h simulated spectra for 1Gyr Elliptical Observed at z=2 H=21 (K~20) H=22 (K~21)

18. Finding Proto-Clusters at z=1-3 Massive Clusters (or their high-z progenitors) Are Rare ! Lx ~ 2 x 10 44 erg/s => 10 -7 Mpc -3 Z=0 X-ray LF of clusters ~10 clusters w/ Lx > 10 44 erg/s w/ Lx > 10 44 erg/s at z=0 at z=0 ~100 clusters w/ Lx > 10 43 erg/s w/ Lx > 10 43 erg/s at z=0 at z=0 10 sq. deg. 1 < z < 3 Need Large Area !

20. ‘ Proto-cluster ’ at z=3.1 (Steidel et al. 1998) Suprime-Cam 7h narrow-band imaging @497 nm Hayashino, Matsuda, Tamura, TY et al. 2004   2 x 10 -17 erg/s/cm 2   EWobs > 170 Å emitters absorbers A sample of extended objects Proto-cluster seen in Lyα Emission Line

21. Selection of ‘ extended ’ Ｌｙ α emitters (II) Matsuda, TY, et al. (2004) d~30kpc 35 objects !   16 arcsec 2   >7σ in isophotal aperture robust !

22. 25 ” S00 blob1 S00 blob2

25. Weak Lensing Cluster Search Umetsu et al.

27. Summary ☆ We are conducting Suprime-Cam/UKIDSS DXS 10 deg2 Imaging Survey Two Northern Field (Lockman Hole, ELIAS N1) 1st run 2 nights in March 2004 Scheduled 2nd run 5 nights in April/May 2004 Proposed UKIDSS DXS J<22.5 K<21 Subaru Suprime Cam I < 26 (z ’ <25 in the future) Unique sample of ERO (I-K>4) / HERO (J-K>2) => 10 4 dusty starbursts at z > 1 => Old Passive Galaxies at z=1-3  FMOS Spectroscopy SF/AGN activities in dusty ERO/HERO Number density of old passive galaxies at z=1-3 Identification of clusters/proto-clusters at z =1-3