1. Relative reproductive success of hatchery and wild steelhead in the Hood River Dept. Zoology Oregon State University

2. left in wild taken into hatchery Demographic boost two generations later Wild fish H H H H Supplementation of wild populations

3. left in wild taken into hatchery Wild fish H H H H ? Supplementation assumes fitness of H fish similar to W Big question: fitness of H fish after one generation through hatchery?

4. Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Hood River, Oregon

5. Powerdale dam Winter-run Egg-laying site Summer-run Egg-laying site

6. dang

8. Hood River Steelhead Stock History Winter run Old Big Creek stock (H old ) phased out in 1991 Supplementation hatchery (H new ) program began, first releases in 1992 Summer run Old Skamania stock phased out in 1997 (H old ) Supplementation hatchery program (H new ) first releases in 1998 Note: all hatchery fish are marked with a stock-specific fin clip before release

9. 91- 92 92- 93 97- 98 96- 97 95- 96 94- 95 93- 94 00- 01 99- 00 98- 99 02- 03 01- 02 30% 4% 5% 61% 2% 64% 31% First generation of H new conservation hatchery fish created. H new parental generation released in 92. Returned to spawn in the wild mostly in 95 and 96. F1 offspring of the 185 H new and 276 W parents that Potentially spawned in the 95 run year H Example: winter run

10. Run year Wild (unmarked fish passed) H old fish passed H new fish passed Adult offspring from that run year 91-927162920264 92-40850 93-38220 94-20306 95-27601851227 96-2420283976 97-2260199 860 98-2990220 99-9200267 00-10130657 01-10250684 02-7250413 03-6250535 Winter run New hatchery program begun in 92. Old stock phased out.

11. Run year Wild (unmarked fish passed) H old fish passed H new fish passed Adult offspring from that run year 91-92 92-53716770 93-24011080 94-19316520 95-1325180198 96-18213100569 97-83447 98-1344 99-1820 00-2080 01-4910115 02-6410482 03-2410189 Summer run New hatchery program begun in 97. Old stock phased out.

12. Comparisons: Winter Run 1991 H old vs. wild 1995 H new vs. wild 1996 H new vs. wild 1997 H new vs. wild Summer Run 1995 H old vs. wild 1996 H old vs. wild

13. Whos your daddy?

14. Typed 97.2% of all fish passed 8 microsatellite loci Highly polymorphic (N a = 40.6, H e = 0.92) Pure exclusion with no mismatches allowed Relative reprod. success (RRS)* = mean #offspr. assigned per H adult mean #offspr. assigned per W adult *correction for bias: see Araki and Blouin (2005) Molecular Ecology

15. Frequency distribution of number of offspring Traditional hatchery v.s. Wild (Winter91) New hatchery v.s. Wild (Winter96) Male Female Freq. N[offspring] MaleFemale Freq. N[offspring] Hatchery-born Wild-born Hatchery-born Wild-born Hatchery-born Wild-born Hatchery-born Wild-born

16. Run-YearRRS [H/W] -Male RRS [H/W] -Female Summer950.31**0.33** Summer960.30**0.28** Average0.30**0.30** Winter910.06**0.11** Traditional hatchery v.s. Wild New hatchery v.s. Wild Run-YearRRS [H/W] -Male RRS [H/W] -Female Winter950.67*0.77 Winter961.050.93 Winter970.851.26 Average0.870.98

17. Summary H old summers ~ 30% fitness of wild fish H old winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish H new winters 67-126% (avg. 86-98%) fitness of wild fish

18. Summary H old summers ~ 30% fitness of wild fish H old winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish H new winters 67-126% (avg. 86-98%) fitness of wild fish Angling correction H old summers ~ 40% fitness of wild fish H old winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish H new winters 71-156% (avg. 106-118%) fitness of wild fish

19. Taken into hatchery Success of Hood River supplementation program? 5-10X 0.85X H H H H H H H H

20. Supplementation a good idea? Ecological issues Effective size When do you stop?

21. steelhead (this study) steelhead Atlantic salmon (farmed) steelhead Brown trout From: Travis et al., 2004. Salmon Recovery Science Review Panel Report for NMFS http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/trt/rsrp.htm Decline in fitness with generations through hatchery

22. 91- 92 92- 93 97- 98 96- 97 95- 96 94- 95 93- 94 00- 01 99- 00 98- 99 02- 03 01- 02 3% 77% 20% 29% 4% 6% 61% 08- 09 07- 08 06- 07 05- 06 03- 04 04- 05 09- 10 Returning H new adults mixed with wild broodstock in Hatchery beginning in 1995 3% 77% 20% Future work Effects of incorporating H new into broodstock (i.e. effects of more than one generation through hatchery)?

23. Acknowledgements Hitoshi Araki Bill Ardren Becky Cooper Charles Criscione Rod French Kathryn Kostow ODFW Staff at Powerdale Dam Erik Olsen Ruben Van Dam Funding BPA ODFW