1. The Anglo-Saxons

2. Anglo Saxon Period In 449, three groups invaded Britain Angles Saxons Jutes

3. Anglo-Saxons Drove the natives from the eastern, central, and southern areas of the island Became known as “Angles Land” or England Germanic language developed into “Angle-ish” or English

4. Anglo Saxon Period Anglo Saxons –Originally started out with several tribal units organized by a king. –Witan= council of elders who would choose the king for each tribal unit –Tribal differences ceases, kingdoms intertwined until there were 7 tribes left –1. Essex –2. Wessex –3. Sussex –4. North Umbria –5. Mercia & the Midlands –6. East Anglia –7. Kent

5. Anglo-Saxon Culture Belief in fate (Wyrd) Accumulated treasures amount to success Fame and fortune zealously sought after Loyalty to one’s leader crucial Importance of pagan, Germanic, and Christian ideals to people whose lives were often hard and uncertain

6. Anglo-Saxon Culture Fierce, hardy life of warrior and seamen Strength, courage, leadership abilities appreciated Boisterous yet elaborately ritualized customs of the mead-hall Expected the hero to boast

7. Anglo-Saxon Ideals Codes of Conduct Good defeats evil Wergild--restitution for murder or expect revenge from victim’s relatives Boasts must be backed with actions. Fate is in control Fair fights are the only honorable fights

8. Anglo Saxons & Mead Hall All {social} events began and ended at Mead Hall –Mead: Fermented beverages made from honey (Think of beer made from honey) The hall was built by the local lord or king for the entertainment of the Thanes –Thanes: warriors and soldiers loyal to the local lord or king

9. Anglo Saxons & Mead Hall Feasting Hall Great Hall of the King Safest Place in the Kingdom Appearance –Rectangular –Pointed roof –Middle trench on the inside for fires –Two long, low tables on each side of the trench –Supported by rows of columns

10. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Poetry Chant-like effect of the four-beat line Alliteration (“Then the grim man in green gathers his strength”) Caesura-pause or break in a line of poetry (“Oft to the wanderer weary of exile”) Kenning-metaphorical phrase used instead of a name (“battle-blade” and “ring-giver”) Epithet-description name to characterize something (“keen-edge sword”) Hyperbole-exaggeration

11. Anglo-Saxon Hero Strong Courageous Loyal Desires fame Generous

12. The Epic Hero Predestined heroism Mysterious origin Vulnerability Rite of passage Embodies cultural ideals

13. The Epic Hero Actions consist of responses to catastrophic situations in which the supernatural often intervenes. Code of conduct forces him to challenge any threat to society Destiny discovered through a series of episodes punctuated by violent incidents interspersed with idyllic descriptions.

14. Epic Poem Long narrative poem that recounts the adventures of a hero. Elevated language Does not sermonize Invokes a muse Begins in media res Mysterious origin, super powers, vulnerability, rite of passage

15. The Characteristics of an Epic 1.) The hero is a figure of great national or even cosmic importance, and represents a culture’s heroic ideal 2.) The setting of the poem is ample in scale, and may be worldwide, or even larger. 3.) The action involves superhuman deeds in battle. 4.) In these great actions, the gods and other supernatural beings take an interest or an active part. 5.)An epic poem is a ceremonial performance and is narrated in a ceremonial style which is deliberately distanced from ordinary speech and proportioned to the grandeur and formality of the heroic subject matter and the epic architecture.

16. Characteristics Cont. 4.) In these great actions, the gods and other supernatural beings take an interest or an active part. 5.)An epic poem is a ceremonial performance and is narrated in a ceremonial style which is deliberately distanced from ordinary speech and proportioned to the grandeur and formality of the heroic subject matter and the epic architecture.

17. The Epic Conventions 1.) The narrator begins by stating his argument, or theme, invokes a muse or guiding spirit to inspire him in his great undertaking, then address to the muse the epic question, the answer is then the results of the epic hero’s answering of the call.

18. Epic Conventions Cont. 2.) The narrative starts in medias res i.e., "in the midst of things," at a critical point in the action. 3.) There are catalogs of some of the principle characters, introduced in formal detail.