1. Grammatical Filling

2. Practicing and Thinking ( 训练与思考 ) What is the grammatical filling? Ⅰ． Introduction

3. Two meanings for the word grammatical: 1. connected with the rules of grammar 语法的 ; 文法的 2. correctly following the rules of grammar 符合语法规则的；合乎文法的 e.g. That sentence isn’t grammatical. 那句子不合语法． Explanation for the word grammatical

4. Check whether they are grammatical: 1. You is a student. 2. He work in the office. 3. ---- How are you? ---- Very good. Thank you. 4. Teachers should take care after their students. 6. He does well in his work, but he passed his exam. 7. The sentence where you use here isn’t grammatical. 8. Which is the three biggest lake in the world? 9. I haven’t had time to clear up, so I’m all at sevens and eights.

5. Note: There are not separated sentences on the national examination paper,but a passage. You should pay attention to the grammatical rules in the context while doing it.

6. Ⅱ． Analysis and Finding ( 分析与探究 ) about how to think about the correct filling words in the passage.

7. Three steps: Skimming—Filling—Review Four abilities are needed while filling : 1. Ability for reading and comprehension from the context ( 阅读 / 理解 语篇 的能力 ). 2. Ability of sentence structure analysis ( 分析句子结构的 能力 ). 3. Ability of having a good command of English grammar ( 熟练运用语法的能力 ). 4. Be sure of the key points of the filling words which are to be tested ( 明确所考要点 ). To complete the grammatical word filling needs three steps and four abilities:

8. the usual scattered( 分散的 )grammatical points 考点 (scattered points ) 数量 (total) 答案 (Key) 动词 ( 谓语 / 非谓语 ) 1 or 2 名词 1 or 2 连词 ( 从属连词 / 并列连词 ) 1 or 2 代词 1 or 2 介词 1 冠词 1 形容词 1 副词 1 数词 / 惯用法 / 逻辑词 1

9. Passage A(2007 高考样题） Thirty-two people watched Kitty 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs.

10. Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese _____36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency （紧急情况）. being killed their none reason before an Step 3. Review: Check the answers

11. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person won’t get the help he needs. from more responsible or

12. Analyze the scattered points ： 知识点 具体内容 数量 动词 v. Being killed1 代词 pron. None; their2 名词 n. reason;1 连词 con. Before; or2 冠词 art. an1 介词 prep. from1 形容词 adj. responsible1 副词 adv. more1 数词 mum. 习惯用语

13. Ⅲ． Try making a test paper （尝试命题） How are the exercises made up of?

14. Practice : According to the scattered points, try to design a grammatical filling test exercise with the passageB and fill in the chart to tell what points you are testing.(4m)

15. Try making an exercise paper according to the scattered points in the following table ( 按下列考点分布制作试题 ) 考点数量内容 动词 ( 谓语 / 非谓语 ) 1 or 2? 名词 1 or 2? 连词 ( 从属连词 / 并列连词 ) 1 or 2? 代词 1 or 2? 介词 1? 冠词 1? 形容词 1? 副词 1? 数词 / 惯用法 / 逻辑词 1?

16. A wolf had got a bone stuck in his throat and was in greatest pain. He ran up and down asking every animal he met to remove the bone from him, at the same time suggesting a very handsome reward to the successful operator. A crane( 鹤 ) moved by his eager asking and his promise, ventured 冒险 her long neck down the wolf’s throat, and drew out the bone. She then asked for the promised reward. To her question, the wolf showing his teeth with an ugly smile, replied, “Ungrateful creature! You put your head into a wolf’s mouth, and took it out in safety. It is hard for me to expect that you dared to ask for more reward than this!” Those who are only in the hope of a return must not be surprised when they come face to face with bad men. They meet with more laughs than thanks. Read Passage B and underline your designed words according to what you have learnt about the scattered points

17. A wolf had got a bone stuck in his throat and was in greatest pain. He ran up and down asking every animal he met to remove the bone from him, at the same time suggesting a very handsome reward to the successful operator. A crane 鹤 moved by his eager asking and his promise, ventured 冒险 her long neck down the wolf’s throat, and drew out the bone. She then asked for the promised reward. To her question, the wolf showing his teeth with an ugly smile, replied, “Ungrateful creature! You put your head into a wolf’s mouth, and took it out in safety. It is hard for me to expect that you dared to ask for more reward than this!” Those who are only in the hope of a return must not be surprised when they come face to face with bad men. They meet with more laughs than thanks. Underline your designed words.

18. A wolf had got a bone stuck in his throat and was in greatest pain. He ran up and down asking every animal he met to remove the bone from him, at the same time suggesting a very handsome reward to the successful operator. A crane 鹤 moved by his eager asking and his promise, ventured 冒险 her long neck down the wolf’s throat, and drew out the bone. She then asked for the promised reward. To her question, the wolf showing his teeth with an ugly smile, replied, “Ungrateful creature! You put your head into a wolf’s mouth, and took it out in safety. It is hard for me to expect that you dared to ask for more reward than this!” Those who are only in the hope of a return must not be surprised when they come face to face with bad men. They meet with more laughs than thanks. Underline your designed words.

19. A wolf had got a bone __(1)__ (stick) in his throat and was in greatest pain. He ran __(_2)__ and down asking every animal he met to move the bone from him, at the same time __(3)__ (suggest) a very handsome reward to the successful operator. A crane 鹤 moved by his eager asking and his promise, ventured 冒险 her long neck down the wolf’s throat, and drew out the bone. She then asked for the __(4)__ (promise) reward. To her question, the wolf showing his teeth with __(5)__ ugly smile, replied, “__(6)__ (grateful) creature! You put your head into a wolf’s mouth, and took it out in __(7)__ (safe).It is hard for me to expect you dared to ask __(8)__ more reward than this!” Those __(9)__ are only in the hope of a return must not be surprised when they come face to face with bad men. They meet with more laughs __(10)__ thanks. One possible version: stuck up safety suggesting ungrateful promised an for who than

20. Keys to the Scattered Points ( 考点分布 ) 考点 Scattered Points 数量 动词 ( 谓语 / 非谓语 ) verb stuck ， suggesting ， promised 3 名词 n. safety 1 连词 conj. than 1 介词 prep. Up ， for 2 代词 Pron. his ， Who 2 冠词 Art. an 1 形容词 Adj. ungrateful 1 副词 Adv. 数词 / 习惯用语 num. idiom

21. Ⅳ.Practice and Assessment ( 实践与评价 ) How can we evaluate ourselves?

22. Score yourself （评价自己） Read the Passage C of your material and fill in the grammatical words(7m)

23. Evaluate yourself according to the following table 考点具体内容数量评分 动词 ( 谓语 / 非谓语 ) 名词 连词 ( 从属连词 / 并列连词 ) 介词 代词 冠词 形容词 副词 数词 惯用法 / 逻辑词

24. step1: understand the meaning of the passage

25. Eating Pig Brain Many Chinese believe __(1)__ (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat __(2)__ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. __(3)__, doctors don’t recommend eating __(4)__ raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found __(5)__ relationship __(6)__ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy( 多叶的 )vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet __(7)__ most people lack the special vitamins __(8)__ these brain foods provide. If you eat brain foods __(9)__ (regular), they can increase brain power – help you pay attention, keep you motivated( 激发 ), improve your memory and __(10)__ (less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test. Fill in the blanks in the story.

26. Eating Pig Brain Many Chinese believe _(1)_ (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat _(2)_ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp. ___(3)___, doctors don’t recommend eating __(4)__ raw eggs or animal brains. Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found __(5)__ relationship ____(6)__ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy 多叶的 vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet ___(7)___ most people lack the special vitamins __(8)__ these brain foods provide. If you eat brain foods __(9)__ (regular), they can increase brain power – help you pay attention, keep you motivated 激发, improve your memory and _(10)_ (less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test. eating uncookedHowever either abetween becausethat regularly lessen 动名词作主语 Many Chinese believe doctors don’t recommend a relationship between and regularly help keep improve and lessen

27. eating uncooked However either between because that regularly lessen a gerund. (used as a subject) What’s the function of each blank ? p.p. (the past participle) adv. conj. (either…or…) indefinite article prep. conj. relative pron. adv. v. Step 2: different parts of speech

28. 1. eating pig brain 动名词作主语 2. uncooked eggs 过去分词作前置定语。 4. either…or… 用于在两个可能性中任择其 一。 5. a relationship 一个 …… 之间的关系。 a 泛指 6. between…and 在 …… 和 …… 之间 10. lessen stress 减轻压力 About word chunks( 语块搭配 )

29. About sentence structures 3. However 表转折。 7. because 引导原因状语从句。 8. that 关系代词，引导定语从句， 在从句中作 provide 宾语。 9. regularly adv. 修饰动词。

30. Summary 1. What is the grammatical filling? (explanation) 2. What should we do while working on it? (three steps and four skills) 3. How are the exercises made up of? (scattered points) 3. How can we evaluate ourselves? (a good mark)

31. Will _1_ matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test ____2__ ＿ (give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different ____3___ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got __4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see ___5___ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten__6_certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect ___7__ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be ___8____ (especial) true if a person works ___9_his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with___10__ (much) attention in class. 修饰名词 不能 用 “not” it was given no how a than with especially more Practice one: better more quickly ages

32. Homework Finish off Passage 4, Passage 5, Passage 6 and Passage 7 in the material. Assess how many scores you can get.

33. Thank you and good bye.