2. Using Sources Bergen Community College © 2005 1 Avoiding Plagiarism and Using Quotations

3. Bergen Community College © 2005 2 PLAGIARISM IS AN ACT OF FRAUD! IT INVOLVES STEALING SOMEONE’S WORDS AND LYING ABOUT IT AFTERWARDS…

4. Definition of Plagiarism Bergen Community College © 2005 3 According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to plagiarize means: To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own. To use (another’s production) without crediting the source. To commit literary theft. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves stealing someone else’s work, whether intentional or not. http://plagiarism.org/research_site/e_what_is_plagiarism.html

5. Plagiarism Links Bergen Community College © 2005 4 Purdue OWL Information on Avoiding Plagiarism (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/hando uts/print/research/r_plagiar.html) Purdue OWL Information on Avoiding Plagiarism Prentice Hall’s Guide to Understanding Plagiarism (http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_understa nd_plagiarism_1/0,6622,427064-,00.html) Prentice Hall’s Guide to Understanding Plagiarism Phew! Here are some sites I can look at.

6. Plagiarism Links Bergen Community College © 2005 5 Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It (http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets /plagiarism.shtml) Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid Ithttp://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets /plagiarism.shtml Refer to the Bryant & Stratton APA Guide. Phew! Here are some sites I can look at.

7. Bergen Community College © 2005 6 Now let’s see if I can tell the difference between a good citation and an inadequate one! Refer to handout: “Plagiarism: Yes or No?”

8. Three Steps to Using Quotations Bergen Community College © 2005 7 Introduce Cite Analyze

9. Bergen Community College © 2005 8 What does introducing, citing, and analyzing look like?

10. Example of How to Introduce, Cite, and Analyze Bergen Community College © 2005 9 Dr. Levine specifically describes how television violence can influence young teens who are in the process of separating from their families and forging their own identities. One of the skills that adolescents must acquire to be successful is impulse control. They need practice and positive role models as they develop their cognitive skills and moral values. The ideal context for identity formation is “a supportive and respectful family” (Levine 169). If teens rebel against over-involved families or lack supportive families, they may turn to television, receiving misinformation and negative role models. Without adequate corrections to the view of life presented by television, impulsive teens may take as their “scripts” programs that suggest aggression is the way to deal with conflict situations. Analyze Cite Introduce

11. Signal words used to introduce summaries, quotes and paraphrases: AcknowledgesCommentsDescribesInsistsResponds AddsComparesDisputesMaintainsReveals AdmitsConcludesEmphasizesNotesSays AgreesConcedesEndorsesObservesShows ArguesConfirmsFindsPoints outSuggests AssertsConsidersEndorsesPredictsThinks BelievesContendsGrantsRefutesWarns ClaimsDeclaresIllustrates ReportsWrites DeniesImplies Bergen Community College © 2005 10

12. Examples Bergen Community College © 2005 11 Andrea Martinez concluded that most research studies show “positive, though weak, relations between exposure to television violence and aggressive behavior” (qtd. in “Research”). Levine describes more specifically how television violence can influence young teens, who are in the process of separating from their families and forging their own identities. Huesmann and Eron state … A program called Cease Fire warned …

13. Phrases used to introduce summaries, quotes and paraphrases: Bergen Community College © 2005 12 Levine argues that “television violence... Levine points out that “... Levine emphasizes that "... Levine interprets ___ as “... Levine describes ___ as “... According to Levine, “... In Levine's words, "... In Levine's view, "...

14. Bergen Community College © 2005 13 How long should my quotation be?

15. Short vs. Long Quotations Bergen Community College © 2005 14 Andrea Martinez, a researcher at the University of Ottawa, who did a comprehensive review of scientific literature on the effects of television violence in 1994 concluded that most research studies show “a positive, though weak, relation between exposure to television violence and aggressive behavior" (qtd. in “Research”). Block Indent (Hit “Tab” twice) Levine quotes Eron’s speech to the U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs: There can no longer be any doubt that heavy exposure to televised violence is one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in Society….The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to being aggressive and is not restricted to this country. (10) Indeed, Levine describes several horrifying incidents of imitative violence: the first describes two adolescents A quotation is considered “long” if it is more than four lines. Notice difference in period placement between short and long quotations.

16. Direct Quotation vs. Indirect Quotation (Paraphrase) Bergen Community College © 2005 15 If teens rebel against over-involved families or lack supportive families, they may turn to television, receiving misinformation and negative role models since “television fail [s] to provide adolescents with experiences that would help develop their thinking and aid their sense of coming into a reasonable world” (Levine 189). Direct Quotation No one would dispute the fact that youth violence is a serious problem. In the United States as well as the world, the majority of violent acts are committed by males between fifteen and thirty (Knight et. al. 279). Indirect Quotation Hmm… Even indirect quotations need to be cited!