1. E-Accessibility Workshop 10/11 May 2012 Micah Rachuonyo – KEBS rachuonyom@kebs.org

2. STANDARDS AND DISABILITY MAINSTREAMING

3. 3 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 01 International level Regional National Levels Standardization of

4. 4 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 02 The need for (International) Standards a.Economic: i.Dissemination of technology ii.Interoperability iii.Assessment of performance iv.Trade and business relations b.Environmental dimension Production and processing activities c.Social dimension 1.Health & safety and Ergonomics & Accessibility design 2.Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour

5. 5 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 03 The need for (International) Standards a.Economic: i.Dissemination of technology ii.Interoperability iii.Assessment of performance iv.Trade and business relations a.Economic: i.Dissemination of technology ii.Interoperability iii.Assessment of performance iv.Trade and business relations b.Environmental dimension Production and processing activities b.Environmental dimension Production and processing activities c.Social dimension 1.Health & safety and Ergonomics & Accessibility design 2.Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour c.Social dimension 1.Health & safety and Ergonomics & Accessibility design 2.Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour

6. 6 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 04 Countries Trade WTO Interests Systems, practices etc TBT Standards ISO International/Regional Standards and Trade

7. 7 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 05 The need for (International) Standards a.Economic: i.Dissemination of technology ii.Interoperability iii.Assessment of performance iv.Trade and business relations a.Economic: i.Dissemination of technology ii.Interoperability iii.Assessment of performance iv.Trade and business relations b.Environmental dimension Production and processing activities b.Environmental dimension Production and processing activities c.Social dimension 1.Health & safety and Ergonomics & Accessibility design 2.Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour c.Social dimension 1.Health & safety and Ergonomics & Accessibility design 2.Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour

8. 8 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 06 c.Social dimension of standardization 1.Health & Safety and Ergonomics (Accessibility Design) 2. Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour c.Social dimension of standardization 1.Health & Safety and Ergonomics (Accessibility Design) 2. Security matters 3.Ethical Behaviour

9. 9 STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 07 A principle of International Standardization “do it once, do it right, do it internationally”

10. 10 ERGONOMICS & ACCESSIBILITY Ergonomics An applied science concerned with designing and arranging objects & environments people use in a safer and more efficient manner Accessibility (ISO/TR 22411) extent to which products, systems, services, environments or facilities can be used by people from a population with the widest range of capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified context of use STANDARDS AND MAINSTREAMING - 08

11. 11 STANDARDS - 02  Standardization process involves experts from various institutions and organizations. The experts form Technical Committees (TC) composed of interested parties/ stakeholders  Standardization process has rules and regulations  Standardization process has guidelines

12. 12 KEBS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE KEBS TC 132 – Assistive products for persons with Disabilities Mirrored to: ISO TC 173 - Assistive products for persons with disability

13. 13 ASSISTIVE PRODUCTS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITY Some of the products developed by KEBS TC 132 include : a.KS 1320 – Wheelchairs b.KS 1319 – Wooden crutches c.KS 2349 – Orthosis ( for various support needs ) d.KS 2232 – Metal axillary crutches e.KS 2233 – Metal elbow crutches

14. 14 ERGONOMICS COMMITTEE ISO TC 159 - Ergonomics KEBS TC 143 SC 01 - Ergonomics

15. 15 ISO TC 159 - ERGONOMICS SC1 – General ergonomic principles SC3 – Anthropometry and biomechanics SC4 – Ergonomics of human-system interaction SC5 – Ergonomics of the physical environment CAG AGAD WG2 – Ergonomics for people with special requirements

16. 16 STANDARDS – Rules, Guides ISO/IEC Directives  Core procedures for standards development work within ISO and IEC.  Formal explanation of rules guiding the progression of any standardization project. ISO/IEC Guides  Provide a resource of helpful advice to standards writers.  Help deal with specialist issues, such as consumer needs, when writing standards.  Also useful for people not involved in standards work as the advice they contain can be generally applied to their subject areas.

17. 17 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71 - 01 Title: Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disability

18. 18 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71 - 02 The Guide 71 aims to: a.Inform, increase understanding and raise awareness b.Outline relationship btw requirements in standards and the accessibility and usability of products and services c.Raise awareness of benefits of adopting accessible design principles in terms of wider market The Guide 71 applies to: Products, services and environments The Guide 71: Offers description of body functions or human abilities and the practical implication of impairment

19. 19 ISO TC159 - ERGONOMICSAGAD ISO/TR 22411 Sub- Committees Technical Committees

20. 20 ISO/TR 22411 Title: Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities

21. 21 ISO/IEC Guide 71 ISO/TR 22411 For the design fields and human abilities addressed in guide 71 Products, services and environmental Standards THE RELATIONSHIP - 01

22. 22 ISO/TR 22411 Product standards Service standards “Environment” standards THE RELATIONSHIP - 02

23. 23 ISO/TR 22411 This is a generic standard The standard is the as guide in addressing accessibility issues in all other standards for products, services and environment

24. 24 The standard addresses key issues which include a.Human abilities and the usability of products, services and environments b.Relationships between the requirements in standards and the accessibility and usability of products and services c.Benefits of adopting international accessible design principles in terms of a wider market ISO/TR 22411

25. 25 The Standard outlines: a)The process by which needs of older persons and persons with disabilities may be considered in development of standards b)The descriptions of body functions or human abilities and profound implications of impairments ISO/TR 22411

26. 26 ISO/TR 22411 The three human abilities that must be addressed when designing accessible products, services and environments are: 1.Sensory abilities 2.Physical abilities 3.Cognitive abilities

27. 27 Disabilities associated with sensory abilities include a.Loss of visual acuity (image appears indistinct) b.Loss of distance vision c.Perception of colour d.Sensitivity to light and speed of adaptation to changing light levels Design remedy may require tactile and acoustic input SENSORY ABILITIES

28. 28 Dexterity: this relates to activities of the hand and arm use, particularly coordinated actions of handling objects, picking objects, manipulation and releasing them using hands, fingers and especially the thumb Manipulation: Relates to activities of carrying, moving and manipulating objects. Actions involve arms, legs, feet, arms and hands. Actions involve reaching out, lifting, putting down, pulling, pushing etc. PHYSICAL ABILITIES – 01

29. 29 Movement: This involves the activities of maintaining and changing the body positions and transferring oneself from one area to another using legs, feet, arms and hands Strength and Endurance: Strength is the force generated by contractions of muscle or muscle group. Related weaknesses include grip strength. PHYSICAL ABILITIES – 02

30. 30 Voice: This relates to sound produced by vocal organs, usually speech. Principal consequence is barrier to communication. Alternative forms of communication like sign language, speech amplification, speech synthesis or use of facsimile of keyboard maybe useful PHYSICAL ABILITIES – 03

31. 31 Cognitive abilities relate to central information processing like memory recall, directing attention, thinking, decision making, problem solving, language, perception through sensory information. Key areas include: intellect, memory and language/literacy COGNITIVE ABILITIES – 01

32. 32 Intellect: Capacity to know, understand and reason. To address disabilities related to this, task complexities may be considered Memory: Disabilities may relate to specific mental functions of registering and storing information and retrieving it as needed. Possible accessible design criteria involve systems that are “fail-safe” Language/Literacy: This refers to functions of recognizing and using signs, symbols and other components of language COGNITIVE ABILITIES – 02

33. 33 ISO/TR 22411 –A GLANCE AT CLAUSE 8.12 8.12 Ease of handling 8.12.1 Size, shape and mass 8.12.2 Instruction manuals and locations of marking 8.12.3 Controls 8.12.4 Containers and packaging 8.12.5 Duration of actions 8.12.6 Time responses 8.12.7 Elements in a building

34. 34 THE TC PROCESS - 01 Traditional key features for product standards a.Performance; Methods of measuring energy & water consumption, noise emission, heat generation etc. Emerging issues: energy efficiency, accessibility and usability, interoperability b.Product safety Safety requirements Emerging issues: Vulnerable people

35. 35 THE TC PROCESS - 02 Starting point The will/need to take into account needs of persons with disability. Are you aware of SO/IEC Guide 71? Do you have ergonomic knowledge and data on human abilities? KS ISO/TR 22411

36. 36 THE TC PROCESS - 03 ISO/IEC Guide 71 ISO/TR 22411 For the design fields and human abilities addressed in guide 71 Products, services and built environment Standards Step 1. Take into account the needs of older Persons and persons with disability Step 2. Apply the bridge document. Knowledge and data on human abilities Step 3. “Draft standard” having accessibility features mainstreamed

37. 37 THE TC PROCESS - 04 Relevant criteria User characteristics e.g. visual impairment Task evaluation e.g. pressing a key Measurement and measurement instruments Test procedures

38. 38 THE TC PROCESS - 05 Relevant criteria Recommendations verses requirements Comparisons verses evaluation

39. 39 ISO TC 59 SC16 ISO TC59 – Buildings and Civil engineering works ISO TC59 SC16 – accessibility and usability of the built environment ISO 21542, Building construction — Accessibility and usability of the built environment

40. 40 ISO TC159 ISO TC 159 - Ergonomics ISO /TC159 SC4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction ISO 9241 series of standards

41. 41 ISO 9241 SERIES OF STANDARDS ISO 9241-20, Part 20- Accessibility guidelines for ICT equipment and services ISO 9241-129, Part 129 – Guidance on individualization ISO 9241-151, Part 151 – Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces ISO 9241-171, Part 171, Guidance on software accessibility

42. 42 ISO 9241 SERIES OF STANDARDS Ergonomic requirements for office work with VDTs Parts: 1 – 17 Ergonomics of human-system interaction Parts: 20, 129, 151, 171, 400, 410, 920

43. 43 ISO 9241-20 Title: Ergonomics of the human-system interaction Part 20 - Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services Those responsible for: planning, designing, developing, acquiring and evaluating ICT equipment and services Application Applicable to all ICT equipment and services

44. 44 ISO 9241-20 Scope It provides guidelines for improving the accessibility of ICT equipment and services such that they will have wider accessibility for use at work, in the home, and in mobile and public environments. It covers issues associated with the design of equipment and services for people with a wide range of sensory, physical and cognitive abilities, including those who are temporarily disabled, and the elderly. It also provides general guidelines for acquiring and evaluating ICT equipment and services, including both hardware and software aspects of information processing equipment, electronic communication facilities, office machines, and other similar technologies and services, used at work, in the home, and in mobile and public environments. Application Applicable to all ICT equipment and services

45. 45 ISO 9241-20 Intended users Those responsible for: planning, designing, developing, acquiring and evaluating ICT equipment and services Application Applicable to all ICT equipment and services

46. 46 ISO 9241-20, Structure 4 Application 4.1 Principles 4.2 Application framework 4.3 Implementing the recommendations 4.4 Conformance 5 Accessibility 5.1 General 5.2 Context(s) of use and accessibility 5.3 Process 6 Recommendations related to managing development 6.1 Information accessibility policy 6.2 Development accountability

47. 47 ISO 9241-20, structure 7 Recommendations related to user characteristics 7.1 General 7.2 Vision 7.3 Hearing 7.4 Speech 7.5 Physical capabilities 7.6 Cognitive capabilities 8 Recommendations related to task characteristics. 8.1 Performing tasks based on context of use 8.2 Providing alternative ways of performing tasks 8.3 Performing maintenance and other non-task related operations

48. 48 ISO 9241-20, structure 9 Recommendations related to equipment and service characteristics 9.1 General 9.2 Other standards for ICT equipment and services 9.3 Assistive technologies 9.4 Selection and operation of ICT equipment and services 9.5 Preparation and completion of operation 10 Recommendations related to environmental characteristics 10.1 Operating in a range of environments 10.2 Designing environments 10.3 Impacting the environment

49. 49 ISO 9241-129 Title: Ergonomics of the human-system interaction part 129 – Guidance on individualization Scope Provides ergonomics guidance about individualization within interactive systems, including recommendations on: where individualization might be appropriate or might be inappropriate how to apply individualization focused on individualization of the software user interface to support the needs of users as individuals or as members of a defined group. Some of the guidance also can be applied to hardware user interfaces and user interfaces that combine software and hardware.

50. 50 ISO 9241-151 Title Ergonomics of the human-system interaction Part 151 – guidance on the World Wide Web user interfaces Scope: Provides guidance on the human-centred design of software Web user interfaces with the aim of increasing usability. Web user interfaces address either all Internet users or closed user groups such as the members of an organization, customers and/or suppliers of a company or other specific communities of users.

51. 51 ISO 9241-171 Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 171 – Guidance on software accessibility Scope Provides requirements and recommendations for the design of accessible software for use at work, in the home, in education and in public places. It covers issues associated with designing accessible software for people with the widest range of visual, hearing, motor and cognitive abilities, including those who are temporarily disabled, and the elderly. It is applicable to the accessibility of interactive systems. It addresses a wide range of software (e.g. office applications, web sites, learning support systems and library systems). NOTE: It does not provide recommendations for the design of hardware.

52. 52 THE END FOR NOW! Micah Rachuonyo Kenya Bureau of Standards – KEBS rachuonyom@kebs.org