1. Earth’s Changing Crust

2. Geologist Scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth “geo” refers to the earth

3. Crust Layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin The outer shell of the Earth is called the CRUST

4. Mantle Layer of hot, solid material between the crust and the core The next layer is called the MANTLE

5. Core The 2 innermost layers of the Earth Outer core (liquid) Inner core (solid)

6. Earthquakes ~Caused by the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface ~Earth’s crust is constantly moving

7. Faults A break in Earth’s crust Rocks on both sides can move up, down or sideways Movement along faults form mountains and valleys oCaused by Compression Tension Shearing

8. What causes a fault? Compression Tension Shearing

9. Different types of faults 1. Strike-slip faults ( caused by shearing) Rocks on either side slip past each other Slide past each other sideways, not up or down

10. 2. Normal fault (caused by tension) It’s at an angle so one block of rock hangs above and one hangs below

11. 3. Reverse fault ( caused by compression) The blocks move in opposite directions Formed part of the Appalachian Mountains

12. What are 3 kinds of faults? Strike-slip Normal Reverse What kind of fault doesn’t move up or down? Strike-slip

13. Richter Scale Rates the size of the seismic waves Information comes from a seismograph (Chinese) A seismograph is the machine used to measure the movement of the Earth’s crust.

14. Plate tectonics - A theory that pieces of the Earth’s mantle are in constant, slow motion tec·ton·ic /tek ˈ tänik/ - Adjective: 1.Of or relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.

15. Magma Hot, molten rock deep below Earth’s surface

16. Lava Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface Magma come from a Greek root which means “thick ointment”. Magma and lava are identical substances One is above the surface of the Earth and the other is below the surface of the Earth.

17. Weathering The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

18. Erosion The picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock

19. How do weathering and erosion work together to shape Earth’s surface? Weathering breaks down Earth surface and erosion carries away the broken-down pieces. What are 2 kinds of weathering? Physical Chemical

20. Deposition The dropping off of bits of eroded rock

21. Meteorite A chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface, such as Earth