1. Napoleon Bonaparte

2. Rise through the ranks Military school
1796 Directory appointed command of French Army
Liberator of Northern Italy
Most popular general in Europe

3. Italian Campaign 1796 Directory wanted to defeat Austria
Napoleon to create a diversion
Destroyed the Austrian rear guard
Often led the way himself
Courage made him a legend
April 1797 truce was signed

5. Egypt Campaign
May 19, 1798
Napoleon’s army stranded due to naval loss to British
Cairo- “forty centuries look down upon us”
Courageous soldiers no match for European weaponry
Revolutionized Egypt
Most popular General in France

6. Seizes power 1799 First council of French Republic
Directory lost it’s confidence of people
November 9th, the Directory ended in a Coup
First council of French Republic
Actually really a dictator

7. Napoleon as Emperor Elected leader? Plebiscite
1800 Gave all real power to Napoleon
1st Council for life in 1802
1804 Emperor (Dec. 2)

8. Economic Achievement Collected taxes effectively National Bank
Commercial and military Roads
Balance Budget

9. Economic order Strengthened Agriculture Build up manufacturing
Stimulate Commerce
Slowed inflation
National Bank
Urban Poor able to eat

10. Social Order Émigrés returned to France
Promotion based on merit not nobility
Bourgeoisie pleased
Imperial University
Education for all (Lycees)

11. Religious Order Concordat 1801
“Faith of the great majority of Frenchmen”
Free worship
Catholics favored but not dominant

12. Legal Order Napoleonic Code 1801-1804 Equality of All before law
Individuals to choose profession
Equality of Punishment
Torture abolished
Abolished the Three Estates
Censor newspaper
Slavery restored in colonies
Napoleon exempt from Laws

13. Journal Entry
Based upon what we learned about Napoleon’s reforms for France, do you think he was good or bad for France? How did he treat the ideas from the Revolution? Did he move France forward in social and political progress, or did he move them a step back?

14. Battles of Napoleon Conquered many countries Napoleon not fazed
Took over part of Italy, set up gov’t in Switzerland
Britain set up third Coalition
Russia, Austria, Sweden, Prussia, Britain
Napoleon not fazed
Tactics:
Rapid offensives supported by heavy barrages of artillery
Large# troops concentrated in key battle positions. Living off the land

15. Battle of the Ulm October 1805 Invading Austrian Empire
50,000 Austrians forced to surrender

16. Battle of Austerlitz December 1805 Austria forced to make peace
73,000 French defeated 87,000 Russians and Austrians
20,000 prisoners, 15,000 dead
Austria forced to make peace

17. Battle of Jena October 1086 Against Prussia Devastating victory
Killing or wounding 27,000, 18,000 prisoners
French Troops occupied Berlin
Began to March East

18. Battle of Freidland June 1807 Divide Europe Treaty of Tilsit
Against the Russians, Czar Alexander I
Divide Europe
France could dominate as far east as Poland
Russia could attack the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Tilsit

19. Battle of Trafalgar October 1805 Southern coast of Spain
Only major battle Napoleon lost up until this time
Southern coast of Spain
33 ships destroyed by 27 British
Crushed Napoleon’s plans to invade Britain
Haratio Nelson
Napoleon did not consider this decisive

21. Napoleon’s Stronghold
Napoleon built greatest European empire since Rome
Map p. 666
Either annexed, controlled most of Europe
The rest were attached through treaties
The vast empire lasted only 5 years

23. Continental system Cut off trade with Britain War of 1812
1807- Blockade of British Ships
Not very successful
1807- British placed blockade around closed ports
War of 1812
U.S. ships stopped and caused War

24. Napoleon’s Downfall Continental System Problems in Spain
Invasion of Russia

25. Failures Hurt France French need for cotton, sugar, raw materials
Lack of Naval Power
Need for British goods on the continent

26. Problems in Spain Guerilla warfare 1808 Spain rejected Joseph as King
“little war”
Lost 300,000 men in this conflicts
Peninsular War
Fatally weakened French army

27. Russian Problems Alliance with Alexander breaking up
Blockade hurting Russia
1810- France annexed N. German states
1812- Alexander restored Poland

28. Invasion of Russia June 1812 450,000-600,000 men to invade Russia
Czar Alexander did not fight and continued to retreat
Scorched-earth policy
French troops and army could not survive
Czar burned down Moscow
Peace never came
Retreat

29. The Defeat of Napoleon October 1813 Leipzig
Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Sweden joined in Grand Alliance
Napoleon lost and army was cut in pieces
March 1814 armies marched in Paris
Napoleon was defeated and Exiled to Elba

30. 100 Days March 1st 1815 Landed in France Within Days was emperor again
Grand Alliance reformed
British Army prepared near Waterloo

31. 100 Days cont.. Battle of Waterloo
June 18, 1815
British held ground
Reinforced by Prussian troops
French troops were exhausted and defeated
Napoleon exiled and sent to south Atlantic

32. Legacy
”Such work as mine is not done twice in a century. I have saved the Revolution as it lay dying. I have cleansed it of its crimes and have held it up to the people shining with fame. I have inspired France and Europe with new ideas that will never be forgotten.”

33. Journal Entry
What do you think about this quote? Was Napoleon someone special in history? Can you think of anyone before or after him that did anything similar?