1. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 1 CS 240: Software Project Fall 2003 Sections 1 & 2 Dr. Badrul M. Sarwar San Jose State University Lecture #1

2. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 2 Agenda l Syllabus l Class logistics l Background survey l Introductory lecture

3. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 3 Course info l Meeting:  MW 8:30 PM - 9:45 PM at MH 235 (section 1)  MW 5:30 PM - 6:45 PM at MH 422 (section 2) l Office Hour:  MW 7:15 PM - 8:15 PM at DH 282 (Both sections)  and by email sarwar@cs.sjsu.edu, sarwar@covad.net l Course webpage  www.cs.sjsu.edu/faculty/sarwar/cs240.html (not yet functional)

4. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 4 More course info l Text  In this course we will use several texts  Any good introductory software engineering book (we’ll follow Ian Sommerville’s “Software Engineering” 6th ed. Addison Wesley  “Code Complete” by Steve McConnell, Microsoft Press pubs  Any good book on Software project management (We’ll use Joel Henry’s “Software Project Management: A Real World Guide to Success” Addison Wesley pubs. and “Software Project Management Practice” by Pankaj Jalote Addison Wesley pubs  In addition you’ll need a good handbook of the programming language of your choice

5. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 5 Grading l Will be graded on a 100 point scale l This is a project course, bulk of the grading will be on the project.  30% for the final project report  this is a part of the writing project, required by the department  each project phase (requirement, specification, design, coding, testing) has to be carefully documented, and also a final project report (I) has to be submitted  50% for the project itself  15% of the project score is for class participation (I)  25% of the project score is for class presentation (requirements, design, testing, and final project demo) (I)  10% is for the group webpage  50% is for the actual code/correctness  20% for in-class quizzes/short exams (I)

6. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 6 More course info l Topics covered  Lectures will be of discussion type  We’ll cover four major topics, in addition to developing a fully functional software  Introductory materials (review)  Good coding practice, avoiding coding errors  Project management and team dynamics  Advanced topics:  agile processes (e.g., RUP, XP)  Design patterns etc.

7. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 7 Term Project l Project properties  Preferably a windows application  hard enough to be challenging  easy enough to finish during the course  modular enough to add/remove features to fit within the semester time limit  modern enough to look good on your resume  solid enough t hand to a prospective employer l To be done in a group of 4/5 students  look around for a suitable project team  start brainstorming about a suitable project

8. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 8 Other issues l Cheating and collaboration l Plagiarism l Peer review l Copyright release l Background survey

9. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 9 Introduction l Getting started with software engineering

10. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 10 Objectives l To introduce software engineering and to explain its importance l To set out the answers to key questions about software engineering l To introduce ethical and professional issues and to explain why they are of concern to software engineers

11. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 11 Topics covered l FAQs about software engineering l Professional and ethical responsibility

12. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 12 l The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software l More and more systems are software controlled l Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development l Software engineering expenditure represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries Software engineering

13. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 13 l Software costs often dominate system costs. The costs of software on a PC are often greater than the hardware cost l Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop. For systems with a long life, maintenance costs may be several times development costs l Software engineering is concerned with cost- effective software development Software costs

14. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 14 FAQs about software engineering l What is software? l What is software engineering? l What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? l What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? l What is a software process? l What is a software process model?

15. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 15 FAQs about software engineering l What are the costs of software engineering? l What are software engineering methods? l What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) l What are the attributes of good software? l What are the key challenges facing software engineering?

16. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 16 What is software? l Computer programs and associated documentation l Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market l Software products may be  Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers  a.k.a COTS or shrink-wrapped software  Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification

17. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 17 What is software engineering? l Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production l Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available

18. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 18 What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? l Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software l Computer science theories are currently insufficient to act as a complete underpinning for software engineering

19. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 19 What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? l System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this process l System engineers are involved in system specification, architectural design, integration and deployment

20. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 20 What is a software process? l A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software l Generic activities in all software processes are:  Specification - what the system should do and its development constraints  Development - production of the software system  Validation - checking that the software is what the customer wants  Evolution - changing the software in response to changing demands

21. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 21 What is a software process model? l A simplified representation of a software process, presented from a specific perspective l Examples of process perspectives are  Workflow perspective - sequence of activities  Data-flow perspective - information flow  Role/action perspective - who does what l Generic process models  Waterfall  Evolutionary development  Formal transformation  Integration from reusable components

22. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 22 What are the costs of software engineering? l Roughly 60% of costs are development costs, 40% are testing costs. For custom software, evolution costs often exceed development costs l Costs vary depending on the type of system being developed and the requirements of system attributes such as performance and system reliability l Distribution of costs depends on the development model that is used

23. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 23 What are software engineering methods? l Structured approaches to software development which include system models, notations, rules, design advice and process guidance l Model descriptions  Descriptions of graphical models which should be produced l Rules  Constraints applied to system models l Recommendations  Advice on good design practice l Process guidance  What activities to follow

24. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 24 What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) l Software systems which are intended to provide automated support for software process activities. CASE systems are often used for method support l Upper-CASE  Tools to support the early process activities of requirements and design l Lower-CASE  Tools to support later activities such as programming, debugging and testing

25. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 25 What are the attributes of good software? l The software should deliver the required functionality and performance to the user and should be maintainable, dependable and usable l Maintainability  Software must evolve to meet changing needs l Dependability  Software must be trustworthy l Efficiency  Software should not make wasteful use of system resources l Usability  Software must be usable by the users for which it was designed

26. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 26 What are the key challenges facing software engineering? l Coping with legacy systems, coping with increasing diversity and coping with demands for reduced delivery times l Legacy systems  Old, valuable systems must be maintained and updated l Heterogeneity  Systems are distributed and include a mix of hardware and software l Delivery  There is increasing pressure for faster delivery of software

27. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 27 Professional and ethical responsibility l Software engineering involves wider responsibilities than simply the application of technical skills l Software engineers must behave in an honest and ethically responsible way if they are to be respected as professionals l Ethical behaviour is more than simply upholding the law.

28. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 28 Issues of professional responsibility l Confidentiality  Engineers should normally respect the confidentiality of their employers or clients irrespective of whether or not a formal confidentiality agreement has been signed. l Competence  Engineers should not misrepresent their level of competence. They should not knowingly accept work which is outwith their competence.

29. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 29 Issues of professional responsibility l Intellectual property rights  Engineers should be aware of local laws governing the use of intellectual property such as patents, copyright, etc. They should be careful to ensure that the intellectual property of employers and clients is protected. l Computer misuse  Software engineers should not use their technical skills to misuse other people’s computers. Computer misuse ranges from relatively trivial (game playing on an employer’s machine, say) to extremely serious (dissemination of viruses).

30. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 30 ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics l The professional societies in the US have cooperated to produce a code of ethical practice. l Members of these organisations sign up to the code of practice when they join. l The Code contains eight Principles related to the behaviour of and decisions made by professional software engineers, including practitioners, educators, managers, supervisors and policy makers, as well as trainees and students of the profession.

31. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 31 Code of ethics - preamble l Preamble  The short version of the code summarizes aspirations at a high level of the abstraction; the clauses that are included in the full version give examples and details of how these aspirations change the way we act as software engineering professionals. Without the aspirations, the details can become legalistic and tedious; without the details, the aspirations can become high sounding but empty; together, the aspirations and the details form a cohesive code.  Software engineers shall commit themselves to making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing and maintenance of software a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with their commitment to the health, safety and welfare of the public, software engineers shall adhere to the following Eight Principles:

32. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 32 Code of ethics - principles l 1. PUBLIC  Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest. l 2. CLIENT AND EMPLOYER  Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest. l 3. PRODUCT  Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.

33. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 33 Code of ethics - principles l 4. JUDGMENT  Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment. l 5. MANAGEMENT  Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance. l 6. PROFESSION  Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.

34. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 34 Code of ethics - principles l 7. COLLEAGUES  Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues. l 8. SELF  Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.

35. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 35 Ethical dilemmas l Disagreement in principle with the policies of senior management l Your employer acts in an unethical way and releases a safety-critical system without finishing the testing of the system l Participation in the development of military weapons systems or nuclear systems

36. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 36 Key points Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production. Software products consist of developed programs and associated documentation. Essential product attributes are maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. The software process consists of activities which are involved in developing software products. Basic activities are software specification, development, validation and evolution. l Methods are organised ways of producing software. They include suggestions for the process to be followed, the notations to be used, rules governing the system descriptions which are produced and design guidelines.

37. CS 240, Prof. Sarwar Slide 37 Key points CASE tools are software systems which are designed to support routine activities in the software process such as editing design diagrams, checking diagram consistency and keeping track of program tests which have been run. Software engineers have responsibilities to the engineering profession and society. They should not simply be concerned with technical issues. Professional societies publish codes of conduct which set out the standards of behaviour expected of their members.