1. The Age of Napoleon
“Since one must take sides, one might as well choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than be eaten.”

2. I. Napoleon Rises to Power
Victories Cloud Losses
Napoleon rises quickly in the army
Forces are crushed in Egypt
Establishes a network of spies, censors the press
Napoleon overthrows Directory and sets up a three-man governing body called the Consulate
He takes the title of First Consul

3. Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor
Takes crown from the hands of the pope
Holds a plebiscite
Popular vote by ballot
Still holds absolute power

4. II. Napoleon Reforms France
Restores economic prosperity
Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads and canals
Napoleonic Code
Equality of all citizens before the law
Religious toleration
Abolished feudalism

5. III. Napoleon Builds an Empire
The Map of Europe is Redrawn
He annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany
Incorporated into his empire
Napoleon controlled most of Europe through forceful diplomacy
His successes increased the spirit of nationalism

6. Napoleon Strikes Britain
Britain remains outside of Napoleon’s control
The British destroy the French navy before Napoleon can invade
Instead Napoleon wages economic warfare through the Continental System
Both British and French blockade the other’s ports
As a result, prices soar which increases resentment of the French

7. IV. Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges
Nationalism Works Against Napoleon
Nationalism fuels French armies’ successes
Also encourages resentment and revolt by controlled areas
Spain and Austria Battle the French
Spanish patriots conducted a campaign of guerrilla warfare
Hit-and-run tactics
This keeps French troops in Spain when needed elsewhere
Napoleon conquers Austria

8. C. The Russian Winter Stops the Grand Army
Napoleon invades Russia with his Grand Army of 600,000 soldiers and 50,000 horses
Russia avoids battles with Napoleon practicing scorched-earth policy
Russians burn crops and villages as they retreat which leaves the French without food or shelter when winter arrives
Napoleon retreats
1,000 mile retreat takes toll on troops
Less than 20,000 soldiers survive

9. V. Napoleon Falls From Power
Napoleon Abdicates Briefly
Napoleon steps down from power
Exiled to Elba
King Louis XVIII restored to the throne
Napoleon returns to Paris and seizes power

10. B. Crushed at the Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon’s return is short-lived
British and Prussian forces destroy the French at the Waterloo
Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena

11. C. Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleonic Code
Elections, suffrage, education were all expanded
Sparks nationalism throughout Europe

12. VI. Leaders Meet at the Congress of Vienna
Congress Strives for Peace
European leaders want to create a lasting peace in Europe
Balance of power
Protect the system of monarchy
Map of Europe is redrawn
France is surrounded with strong countries

13. B. Congress Fails to See Traps Ahead
Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain form the Quadruple Alliance
Concert of Europe- European powers pledged to meet periodically to discuss problems affecting peace in Europe