2. PHASE 4: Consulate toEmpiretoExile! Napoleon Bonaparte: Napoleon Bonaparte:

3. The Directory During the Directory people went wild!! During the Directory people went wild!! Government was corrupt Government was corrupt People were starving People were starving

4. The Directory Both Royalists & Jacobins were dissatisfied with government Both Royalists & Jacobins were dissatisfied with government War with Europe continued… War with Europe continued…

5. Napoleon Enters the Scene

6. Napoleon in the Army Led France to victory against Austria Led France to victory against Austria Became THE HERO of all of France Became THE HERO of all of France

7. Captured Egypt to cut off British trade with India Captured Egypt to cut off British trade with India Napoleon in the Army

8. 2 directors (& others) plotted to overthrow the Directory and put Napoleon in power 2 directors (& others) plotted to overthrow the Directory and put Napoleon in power Napoleon in the Government

9. Government is turned over to Napoleon, and the new government is called the Consulate Government is turned over to Napoleon, and the new government is called the Consulate

10. The Consulate The Consulate New Constitution written New Constitution written The Executive Branch is made up of 3 Consuls The Executive Branch is made up of 3 Consuls Napoleon had the most power Napoleon had the most power

11. The Consulate The Consulate Wait…haven’t we heard of a Consul before??Wait…haven’t we heard of a Consul before?? Anyone remember where this comes from?Anyone remember where this comes from? Ancient Rome! Ancient Rome!

12. The Consulate In 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul for Life This was approved by a plebiscite (popular vote) (99.9%)

13. Reforms to Restore Order Appointed local officials Appointed local officials Created a board of education Created a board of education Created the Bank of France (EVERYONE paid taxes!) Created the Bank of France (EVERYONE paid taxes!)

14. New law code New law code Equality, religious tolerance, trial by jury, BUT… Equality, religious tolerance, trial by jury, BUT… Censorship, heavy taxes, inequality of women Censorship, heavy taxes, inequality of women The Napoleonic Code

15. Concordat of 1801 Catholicism is the majority religion Catholicism is the majority religion Tolerance of other religions Tolerance of other religions

16. Napoleon’s Empire

17. The Emperor of France 1804 Napoleon named the Emperor of France 1804 Napoleon named the Emperor of France Crowns himself! Crowns himself!

18. The Empire Napoleon’s army defeated everyone in every battle! Napoleon’s army defeated everyone in every battle! His victories allowed him to reorganize Europe His victories allowed him to reorganize Europe

19. The Empire Formed the Confederation of the Rhine (small German states) Formed the Confederation of the Rhine (small German states) Created Poland (out of Russian, Prussian & Austrian territory) Created Poland (out of Russian, Prussian & Austrian territory)

20. The Empire Napoleon made his relatives the monarchs of conquered countries Napoleon made his relatives the monarchs of conquered countries Everyone followed the Napoleonic Code Everyone followed the Napoleonic Code These countries grew to resent French control These countries grew to resent French control

21. Napoleon’s Road to Ruin

22. Road to Ruin 1805 Battle of Trafalgar – he was defeated by the British, preventing a French invasion of Britain 1805 Battle of Trafalgar – he was defeated by the British, preventing a French invasion of Britain

23. Continental System: Napoleon ordered all European nations that he conquered to stop trade with the British Continental System: Napoleon ordered all European nations that he conquered to stop trade with the British Road to Ruin

24. The British blockade France in return The British blockade France in return Both countries suffer Both countries suffer

25. Other countries resent French rule & this ignites feelings of nationalism and rebellion against the French Other countries resent French rule & this ignites feelings of nationalism and rebellion against the French The Road to Ruin

26. Czar Alexander I of Russia challenged Napoleon – withdrew from the Continental system (1812) Czar Alexander I of Russia challenged Napoleon – withdrew from the Continental system (1812) The Road to Ruin

27. The French invade Russia, but are weakened by the harsh winter & defeated by the Russians (scorched- earth policy) The French invade Russia, but are weakened by the harsh winter & defeated by the Russians (scorched- earth policy) A half million men will die!!! A half million men will die!!! The Road to Ruin

28. Europeans surround Paris: Napoleon abdicates (gives up) the throne and the army surrenders Europeans surround Paris: Napoleon abdicates (gives up) the throne and the army surrenders The Road to Ruin

29. Napoleon’s Fate Napoleon is exiled to Elba (1814) & Louis XVIII is restored to the throne Napoleon is exiled to Elba (1814) & Louis XVIII is restored to the throne BUT… BUT…

30. Napoleon’s Fate Napoleon escapes & returns to France in 1815 for One Hundred Days Napoleon escapes & returns to France in 1815 for One Hundred Days Rallies an army & support… Rallies an army & support…

31. Napoleon’s Fate Is defeated (again!) by the British & Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo (1815) Is defeated (again!) by the British & Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo (1815)

32. Napoleon is exiled again to the island of St. Helena Napoleon is exiled again to the island of St. Helena

33. Napoleon’s body returned to Paris 1840Napoleon’s body returned to Paris 1840 Entombed at Hotel des InvalidesEntombed at Hotel des Invalides

34. The Congress of Vienna

35. European leaders meet to establish peace and restore Europe’s stability European leaders meet to establish peace and restore Europe’s stability They bring back the old monarchies in Europe They bring back the old monarchies in Europe

36. The Congress of Vienna Redraw the map Redraw the map Place buffer states around France Place buffer states around France Goal = a balance of power Goal = a balance of power

37. Forces Changing Europe Reactionaries versus liberalism (nationalism) Reactionaries versus liberalism (nationalism) Reactionaries want to make sure there are no more revolutions in Europe, but nationalism can’t be crushed… Reactionaries want to make sure there are no more revolutions in Europe, but nationalism can’t be crushed…