1. Napoleon: Foreign Policy and Downfall

2.  Peace of Amiens between England and France (1802)  Divorced after 1 year  Napoleon begins disrupting- Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy  Attempts to disrupt British supremacy in India-War ensues (1803)  Battle of Trafalgar off coast of Spain  England remains undisputed supremacy of the seas

3.  Coalition against Napoleon resurrected- England, Austria, Russia, and Sweden  Napoleon defeats Austrians at Ulm (Oct. 20, 1805)  Defeated Russian troops at Austerlitz  Treaty of Pressburg- Austria surrenders Italy  Napoleon recognized as King of Italy

4.  Prussia assumes Germanic supremacy  Napoleon unifies Southern Germanies into “Confederation of the Rhine”  Napoleon named as Protector  Ended the antiquated Holy Roman Empire  Under Treaty of Pressburg, Germanic states loyal to Napoleon remained independent

5.  Prussian Emperor Frederick William III remained neutral  Received Electorate of Hanover  Prussian military leader, Duke of Brunswick, attacks France  Prussia’s army completely destroyed by Napoleon  Napoleon marches into Berlin as Frederick William III flees

6.  Treaty of Tilsit (1807)- Czar Alexander I seeks peace as Napoleon moves to invade  Napoleon accepted as master if Western Europe  Napoleon’s brother Jerome rules over Duchy of Warsaw and Kingdom of Westphalia  Russia kept control of Eastern Europe after promising to help in trade war with England

7.  Restricted importation of British goods to Europe and key European goods to England  Berlin Decree of November 1806- blockade of British Isles  All French ports closed to Britain and her colonies  England retaliates by declaring all ships trading with France ripe for capture  Although meant to cultivate European economic independence from England, actually caused economic hardship for all

8.  Invades Portugal after Portugal refuses to join Continental System  Conquers Spain and places his brother, Joseph on the throne as King of Spain  Peninsula War- Spain rebels, with English help, and pushes Joseph out across Pyrennies  France’s distraction with Spain causes Austria to declare war yet again (April 1809)- Austria loses…again  Napoleon divorces Josephine and marries daughter of Francis II of Austria

9.  Due to distrust of Napoleon, Czar Alexander I violates Tilsit and trades with Britain  France declares war on Russia  Russian forces use scorched earth method  Napoleon forced to retreat from Moscow  Europe avenges itself!  Battle of Natims (1813)  Napoleon retreats to France, troops desert his army, the Confederation of the Rhine collapses

10.  Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba  Congress of Vienna convenes- Bourbons restored to power  March 1, 1815- Bonaparte returns, but is put down yet again at Waterloo June 18, 1815 by Wellington and von Blucher  Exiled to St. Helena  Dies 1821- Murdered?? Natural Causes???