1. The Napoleonic Empire
Chapter 11, Section 3

2. Napoleon’s Background
Born in Corsica, the son of a lawyer
Moved to France and received a military scholarship in 1779
Originally had naval ambitions, considered joining the British Royal Navy
Graduated from the Ecole Militaire, a prestigious military university in France

3. French Army Rose quickly in French military
1785 – Lieutenant
1792 – Captain
1794 – Brigadier General
1796 – Commander of French Armies in Italy
In 1797, Napoleon was given control of a French army training to invade Britain
Instead proposed to invade Egypt and India, striking British colonies
In 1799, deserted his troops in Egypt after realizing defeat
Returned to France as part of the _____________ that took control of the country

5. The Coup D’etat _____________ was losing popularity
Country was bankrupt, losing wars
Bonaparte is already a hero in France
Approached by one member of The Directory about a coup
Established a consulate, or a government run by a council
At the age of 30, Napoleon had supreme power in France

6. Domestic Policies Wanted to preserve the gains of the Revolution
The Church
Tried to make peace
Napoleon was not religious, but saw its importance
Agreed to make Catholicism the primary religion if the Church did not try to regain lands won in French Revolution
Code of Law
Created a single, unified code of law for the country
_____________, or Napoleonic Code, recognized all citizens as equal before the law
Centralized Government
Positions in government focused on ability, not birth

7. Building an Empire
France is already at war with Great Britain, Russia, and Austria
Napoleon pushed for peace, had a treaty in 1802
War with Britain begins again in 1803
Gradually Russia, Austria, Sweden, and Prussia get involved
By 1812, Napoleon owns Europe
Creates the Grand Empire, composed of three parts:
_____________– Core of the empire
_____________(Satellite States) – Ruled by Napoleon’s family members
_____________– Defeated by Napoleon, forced to join him

8. Spreading the Revolution
Napoleon hopes to spread the ideas of the Revolution to some of the new nations in the Empire through conquest
Destroys social orders
Improves laws to include all people
Opens offices by merit, not birth
Religious toleration

9. Exit Slip What was the consulate?
What are dependent states? Allied states?
How does Napoleon hope to spread the ideas of the French Revolution to the rest of Europe?

10. European Response Napoleon’s empire would not last forever
Two main reasons for collapse of empire:
_____________’s survival
Separated by sea from European mainland
Napoleon hoped to invade, but _____________ naval defeats prevented this
_____________
Unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols
French were hated as oppressors by the people of defeated nations

11. Russian Regression France’s downfall begins with Russia
1812 Napoleon has virtually conquered Europe
Decides to invade Russia
600,000 French soldiers enter Russia in June 1812
Russian troops begin to retreat, burning crops and villages as they move
French began a siege of Moscow in September 1812
Begin retreat in October 1812
Return to France in January 1813 with 40,000 men
By March 1814, Paris is captured
Napoleon exiled to _____________ in April 1814
Louis XVIII now king of France

12. He’s Back…. Louis XVIII was not popular
Napoleon escaped exile in February 1815
French soldiers were sent to intercept Napoleon, instead embrace him
Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia each deploy 150,000 men to destroy Napoleon

13. A Final Defeat Napoleon immediately advanced troops to Belgium
June of 1815, at _____________, Napoleon is defeated
Exiled again, this time to _____________
Napoleon would not return to France, dies May 1821

14. Exit Slip
How did Napoleon’s domestic policies differ from those of The Directory?
Explain the setup of Napoleon’s Grand Empire.
Describe the process of Napoleon’s first fall from power.