2.  Key Terms:  Divide  Headwaters  Tributary  Fall-line  Fossil fuel  Fishery  Aquaculture

3.  Pacific Ranges-collision b/t plates  Ex: Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, Alaska Range  Mt. McKinley- Alaska Range (20, 320 ft.)  Rocky Mountains  Link Canada and US (NM to Alaska)  Dry Basins & Plateaus  Fill land b/t Rockies and Pacific Ranges  Colorado Plateau- Grand Canyon  East of Rocky Mts.- Great Plains

5.  East of Mississippi River  Appalachian Mts. (oldest in US)  Canada  Canadian Plains ▪ Edge is the Canadian Shield ▪ Located on the Hudson and James Bays ▪ Anchors the continent

6.  Both US and Canada have these  In US  Hawaii  Continental Islands- submerged parts of the continental shelf

7.  Make Canada and US prosperous  In US  Continental Divide- high ridge that determines the direction in which rives flow  East of Divide- toward the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Atlantic, or the Mississippi  West of Divide- Pacific  Headwater- source of the river  Ex: Colorado and Rio Grande (Rocky Mts)  Tributaries- smaller water systems that connect to larger rivers  Mississippi- Longest River in US (2,350 ft)

8.  Glacial Dams- Canada- Great Bear and Great Slave Lake  Glacial Basins- Great Lakes  Rich in coal, iron and other materials  Links to inland and coastal waterways= $$$$$$  Ex: Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway sys.  Canals, St. Lawrence River and other waterways link the Great Lakes to the Atlantic  INDUSTRY

10.  Canada and US- Petroleum and Natural Gas  US= Texas; Canada=Alberta  Mineral Resources  US= Rockies: gold, silver, copper  Canadian Shield= iron and nickel  Timber and Fishing  Trees are renewable  Atlantic-Pacific-Gulf of Mexic0  Fisheries- place for catching fish  Grand Banks- Canada’s best fishing spot  139,000 sq. mi.  Problem: overfishing  Solution: Aquaculture= fish farms

11.  KEY TERMS:  HURRICANE  CHAPARRAL  PRAIRIE  SUPERCELL  TIMBERLINE  CHINOOK BLIZZARD

12.  Subtropical, tropical, desert, Mediterranean  25°N to 40°N  Warm and Wet  Humid-Subtropical ▪ Ex: The Everglades; hurricanes  Extreme Southern tip of Florida ▪ Tropical= distinct dry season (Winter)

13.  Warm and Dry  Have rain-shadow effect- dry desert on leeward side of mountain  Plateaus and Basins b/t the Rockies and Pacific Ranges ▪ Ex: Death Valley  Mediterranean- Central and Southern California  Mild, wet Winters & hot, dry Summers  Vegetation in this area= chaparral

14.  Interior  Ex: Great Plains- Humid Continental  Bitterly cold Winter, hot Summer  Vegetation  Prairie- treeless grasslands in Great Plains  Weather  Supercell- violent T-storms w/tornados and winds of 300+ mph  Dust Bowl- 1930s drought

15.  Due to elevation  Ex: Rocky Mountains and Pacific Range  Timberline  Elevation above which trees cannot grow  Springtime  Chinook- warm dry wind that blows through the area in Spring, melting the snow

16.  Northern California to Southern Alaska  Features ▪ Over 100 inches of rain annually ▪ Winter- overcast and rainy ▪ Summer- cloudless ▪ Coniferous forests

17.  Canada and Alaska  Features: ▪ Frigid Winter ▪ Blizzards- heavy snow w/ winds above 35 mph ▪ Coniferous trees from Newfoundland to the Yukon Territory ▪ Layers of ice and snow over 2 miles thick  Perspective  A mile is 5,280 ft.