1. Climate

2. LOWERN There are 6 factors that affect climate Latitude Ocean Currents
Wind/Air Mass
Elevation
Relief
Near Water

3. Latitude Distance from the equator
Further from the equator, the greater the area the sun’s energy covers

4. Latitude

5. How does Latitude Affect Climate?
As latitude ________, the average
annual temperature _________.
increases
decreases
0° Latitude °
Temperature

6. Ocean Currents
The temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature of the air that passes above it

7. Ocean Currents
In the Gulf Stream- warm, moist air is carried from the Gulf of Mexico to Nova Scotia and the southern parts of Newfoundland
The warm North Pacific current heats the cool air passing over it, giving a mild climate to Coastal British Columbia
The cold Labrador Current cools the air of Labrador and Northern Newfoundland
Where the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet ( over the Grand Banks) the weather is often damp and foggy

8. Ocean Currents

9. Gulf Stream

10. Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate
How do ocean currents
affect climate?
Warm Currents: warmer climate
Cold Currents: cooler climate

11. Wind/Air Mass

12. Prevailing Winds
In Canada, the prevailing winds called Westerlies, blowing from west to east.
Temperature of the winds depend on if they originated from the equator or the poles 

13. Wind/Air Mass The weight of air is called air pressure
Two types of Air Pressure: High and Low
High Pressure- when rising air cools and falls towards the earth
Low Pressure- when warm air, above heated ground, rises

14. Effect of High Pressure on Climate and Weather
High pressure is associated with clear, sunny days
Air is cool and dry

15. Effect of Low Air Pressure on Climate and Weather
Low air pressure is usually associated with warm, moist air
This also creates clouds

16. Elevation

17. WHY??? Elevation How does elevation affect Climate? As elevation
_____________, the
Average annual
Temperature
_____________
Elevation
Temperature
increases
decreases
WHY???

18. Relief

19. Windward Side: ___________ Leeward Side: _____________
Relief
How does relief affect climate?
Windward Side: ___________
Leeward Side: _____________
cool, moist
warm, dry

20. Relief
The leeward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive much less precipitation
The windward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive a great deal more precipitation

21. Near Water
Bodies of water have a moderating effect on land temperatures.
HOW?
Oceans and large lakes heat up and cool down at a slower rate than the surrounding land
So in the winter, the water retains heat longer and keeps climate to surrounding land warmer
In summer, water takes longer to heat up, cooling the climate in the surrounding land

22. Near Water

23. Near Water Water __________ the temperature.
How does closeness to a large
body of water affect climate?
Water __________ the temperature.
_______ summers. _______ winters.
moderates
Cooler
Warmer
Cities A & B are located
at the same latitude.
City B is closer to a large body of water.
Its temperature line is flatter (moderated).

24. Climate Zones of Canada

25. Arctic Climate Zone Characteristics Cold winters, cool summers
Precipitation - low amount (less than 50 cm) snow
High winds
Coastal areas are warmer and have heavier snow falls

26. Mountain Characteristics Very diverse because of the 2 mountain ranges
Summers tend to be dry, with wetter winters
Temperatures tend to drop the higher you get in elevation
Precipitation- West side of Coastal Mnts cm
- East side of Coastal Mnts cm
- West side of Rockies- 120 cm

27. West Coast Characteristics Very wet (60- 400cm precipitation)
Cool summers, mild winters

28. Boreal Characteristics
Temperature range is large because zone covers large area latitudinal
Precipitation is generally low, with higher amounts in the eastern coastal areas

29. Prairie Characteristics Extreme temperature range Windy
Generally very dry

30. Southeastern Characteristics Cool winters, warm to hot summers
Prone to highly changeable weather
Moderate precipitation- various forms
One of the major storm tracks of North America