1. Ethnic / Linguistic Groups in Taiwan 1/13

2. Singh’s Multiple Layers of Ethnicity EnglishmanScots East Indian FrenchmanAmericanMartian Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 2/13

3. Multiple Layers of Ethnicity The fact that people can have multiple layers of ethnic identity was neatly illustrated on a 1997 advertisement on BBC Radio 1 for a helpline for victims of racial harassment. The fact that people can have multiple layers of ethnic identity was neatly illustrated on a 1997 advertisement on BBC Radio 1 for a helpline for victims of racial harassment. It took the form first of two men, one English, the other Scottish, arguing in a pub. The two traded insults based on the other’s individual ethnic identity. It took the form first of two men, one English, the other Scottish, arguing in a pub. The two traded insults based on the other’s individual ethnic identity. A third man, with an East Indian accent, then intervened and the Englishman and Scotsman then claimed solidarity as ‘real’ British, turning on the member of the British East Indian minority group. A third man, with an East Indian accent, then intervened and the Englishman and Scotsman then claimed solidarity as ‘real’ British, turning on the member of the British East Indian minority group. A Frenchman then walked into the foray, which caused the Englishman, Scotsman and East Indian to claim solidarity as ‘British’ and to carry on a well- established tradition of hostility with France. A Frenchman then walked into the foray, which caused the Englishman, Scotsman and East Indian to claim solidarity as ‘British’ and to carry on a well- established tradition of hostility with France. An American then stepped in, causing the Frenchman and the ‘British’ to merge into ‘Europeans’. An American then stepped in, causing the Frenchman and the ‘British’ to merge into ‘Europeans’. The sketch ended with the appearance of a Martian, which then united the rest as ‘Earth humans’. The sketch ended with the appearance of a Martian, which then united the rest as ‘Earth humans’. Singh, Ishta. 1999. Language and ethnicity. In Linda Thomas and Shan Wareing, editors. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction, pp. 83-97. London: Routledge, p. 86. 3/13

4. King Charles V (1500-1558) Charles V is quoted as saying: I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men and German to my horse. From The Columbia World of Quotations (1996) found at www.bartleby.comwww.bartleby.com 4/13

5. French Equivalents for Borrowed words Loan Word Native Equivalent le weekend  la fin de la semaine computer  ordinateur software  logiciel 5/13

6. www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions 6/13

7. www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/ensembles/worldmusic/balkans/map.htm 7/13

8. www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions 8/13

9. The Language(s) of Yugoslavia Language SerbianCroatian Bosnian Ethnicity SerbsCroats Bosnians Location EastWest Middle Alphabet Cyrillic Latin ? Religion Orthodox CatholicMuslim Christian Christian Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, pp. 46-48. 9/13

10. Substratum Influence on English Gaelic Substratum West Highland Standard Scots English English Take that whisky hereBring that whisky here. I’m seeing you!I can see you! It’s not that I don’t want that. that I’m wanting. that I’m wanting. Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 51. 10/13

11. AAVE Absence of Present Tense BE She real nice. They out there. He not American. If you good, you going to heaven. BUT I know what it is. Is she? Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 55. 11/13

12. AAVE Invariant BE He usually be around Sometime she be fighting Sometime when they do it, most of the problems always be wrong. She be nice and happy. They sometimes be incomplete. BUT *He be busy right now.(No be) *He be busy right now.(No be) *He be my father.(No be) *He be my father.(No be) Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 55. 12/13

13. UK Social Class and Accent— Population View Montgomery, Martin. 1995. An Introduction to Language and Society, 2nd edition. Routledge, p. 71. 13/13