1. Exploring Space CHAPTER the BIG idea People develop and use technology to explore and study space. Some space objects are visible to the human eye. Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. Space exploration benefits society. CHAPTER OUTLINE NEW CHAPTER 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME solar system galaxy orbit Some space objects are visible to the human eye. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE universe Gravity causes objects in space to be grouped together in different ways. Stars form patterns in the sky. The sky seems to turn as Earth rotates. constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES VISUALIZATION CLASSZONE.COM View images of the night sky taken throughout the year. SIMULATION CLASSZONE.COM Explore different levels of scale in the universe.

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME n. The elliptical path of an object in space as it moves around another object due to gravity; for example, the Moon moves in an orbit around Earth. orbit KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Some space objects are visible to the human eye. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation v. To revolve around, or move in an orbit; for example, the Moon orbits Earth. 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The Sun and its family of orbiting planets, moons, and other objects. solar system KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Some space objects are visible to the human eye. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Millions or billions of stars held together in a group by their own gravity. galaxy KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Some space objects are visible to the human eye. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Space and all the matter and energy in it. universe KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Some space objects are visible to the human eye. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky. constellation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Some space objects are visible to the human eye. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope Each form of electromagnetic radiation provides different information about objects in space. Astronomers use different types of telescopes to gather visible light and other forms of radiation. 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Energy that travels across distances as certain types of waves. Types of electromagnetic radiation are radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays. electromagnetic radiation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. Radiation from a source separated into a range of wavelengths. spectrum KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope 2. The range of colors that appears in a beam of visible light when it passes through a prism. See also electromagnetic radiation. 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The distance from one wave peak or crest to the next peak or crest. Wavelength can be measured as the distance from any part of one wave to the identical part of the next wave. wavelength KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A device that gathers visible light or another form of electromagnetic radiation. telescope KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. satellite SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Astronauts can explore space near Earth. Spacecraft without crews carry instruments to other worlds. A flyby mission usually provides data from several bodies in space. Orbiters, landers, and probes gather data from one planet or body. space station lander probe 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An object that orbits a more massive object. satellite KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. satellite space station lander probe 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A satellite in which people can live and work for long periods. space station KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. satellite space station lander probe 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A craft designed to land on a planet’s surface. lander KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. satellite space station lander probe 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A spacecraft that is sent into a planet’s atmosphere or onto a solid surface. probe KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. satellite space station lander probe 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Space exploration benefits society. impact crater SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Space exploration has taught us about Earth’s development. It has also provided technology that has important uses on Earth. This boy communicates using technology developed by designers at NASA. 19.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A round pit left behind on the surface of a planet or other body in space after a smaller object strikes the surface. impact crater Space exploration benefits society. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY impact crater 19.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Some space objects are visible to the human eye. A. We see patterns in the universe. B. The sky seems to turn as Earth rotates. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Arrangement of the Universe 2. Constellations Some space objects are visible to the human eye. C. The movements of planets and other nearby objects are visible from Earth. solar system galaxy orbit universe constellation 19.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Light and other forms of radiation carry information about space. B. Astronomers use telescopes to collect information about space. Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth. 1. Visible-Light, Infrared, and Ultraviolet Telescopes 2. Radio Telescopes electromagnetic radiation spectrum wavelength telescope 3. Telescopes in Space 19.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

22. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. A. Astronauts explore space near Earth. B. Spacecraft carry instruments to other worlds. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Spacecraft help us explore beyond Earth. 1. Flybys satellite space station lander probe 2. Orbiters 3. Landers and Probes 4. Combining Missions 1. Moon Missions 2. Orbiting Earth 19.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

23. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME IV. Space exploration benefits society. A. Space exploration has given us new viewpoints. B. Space technology has practical uses. Space exploration benefits society. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Surface Features 2. Atmosphere impact crater 1. Satellite Views of Earth 2. Technology Spinoffs 19.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

24. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION CLASSZONE.COM View images of the night sky taken throughout the year. SIMULATION CLASSZONE.COM Explore different levels of scale in the universe.

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38. BACK TO CHAPTER Click on the items below to access resources on Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings CLASSZONE.COM Chapter Resources CHAPTER HOME Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations