1. Unit 4 Space
Chapter 10…What we know about the universe has taken us thousands of years to learn

2. 4. 01 Describe and explain the apparent motion of celestial bodies
4.01 Describe and explain the apparent motion of celestial bodies. Include:
Moon
Sun
Planets
Comets
Asteroids

3. 4.02 Define celestial bodies.
A natural object in space.
Includes:
planets
comets
moons
stars
asteroids

4. Pattern made up of stars
Patterns
made up of stars.

5. 4.03 List examples of constellations and recognize them on a sky chart. Include:
Ursa Minor
Little Bear (Little Dipper
Ursa Major
Big Bear (Big Dipper)

6. Orion

7. Cassiopeia…The Queen

8. Leo the Lion

10. Seasonal Constellations
Occur because the earth moves around the sun allowing us to see different part of the sky every season
See page 360 for examples
Winter Constellation

11. 4.04 Identify that celestial body movement involves:
Celestial bodies move in cyclic paths called orbits.
These orbits result from gravitational forces.

12. 4.05 Identify that planets and moons revolve on a central axis.
Planets, suns and moons revolve on a central axis.
Stars generally move from east to west.
The point around which the stars rotate is the North Star… Polaris.
Ursa Major and Minor, and Cassiopeia never go below the horizon.

13. 4.06 Describe theories on the formation of the solar system.
Done in next chapter

14. 4.07 Describe the contributions made by various individuals to our knowledge and understanding of celestial bodies and their motions. Include:
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
Newton

15. Aristotle( B.C.E.)
Visualized the universe as being geocentric. This means the Earth is the centre of the universe and everything else revolves around it.

16. Aristotle( B.C.E.)
He believed that the Earth was a sphere due to the curved edges observed during a lunar eclipse.

17. Ptolemy(83-168 C.E.) Based his model on his observations of Mars.
Mars orbital path creates a loop or s-shape in the sky.
His model showed each planet attached to a crystal sphere with its centre at Earth.

18. Ptolemy( C.E.)
Each planet was not attached directly to its sphere but to an off-centre wheel (epicycle).
Accepted for nearly 1500 years.

19. Copernicus( )
Believed in a heliocentric universe (Sun at the centre).
The Earth rotated on its axis once daily and revolved around the Sun once a year.

20. Galileo( )
First person to view the “heavens” through a telescope.
Allowed him to see objects
Craters on the Moon
Spots on the Sun
Four “stars” orbiting Jupiter (called the Galilean Moons)

21. Johannes Kepler( )
3 Laws of Planetary Motion 1. All planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus. 2.Planets sweep out at equal areas of their elliptical orbit in equal times. 3. The time a planet takes to revolve around the Sun is directly related to how far away it is from the Sun.

23. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) Developed the three laws of motion.
First to show that the force of gravity affects all celestial bodies, causing them to stay in orbit.

25. Sir Isaac Newton ( )
Invented the reflecting telescope which uses a curved mirror to focus the light to a point at an eyepiece.

26. 4.08 Identify early technologies that advanced scientific observations about the solar system. Include:
Stone Circles
Designed and used
by ancient people to help predict the movement of celestial bodies
Help predict seasons and other natural phenomena

27. Used to locate and predict the position of the Sun, Moon and stars.

28. Along with a compass, it could be used to describe the position of any celestial body in relation to the direction North and to the horizon.
Allowed for more accurate observations.
Mariner’s used astrolabe to help navigate on the ocean.

29. The Telescope
An optical device that uses lenses to gather and focus light to provide a magnified image.
Invented by Galileo

30. Inner Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Outer Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune