1. Figure 4.1 Typical School Organizations Grade 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 K High School Middle School Elementary School Prekindergarten (3-5 years) Infant/Toddler (0-2 years) Early Childhood Education Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-35 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

2. Table 4.1 Specialized Education Services ServiceDescription Special educationEducational efforts on behalf of students with disabilities, many of which are provided in the regular classroom Bilingual educationPrograms designed to help students with limited English proficiency to develop language skills in English Gifted and talented education Programs for students who are identified as gifted and talented offer educational opportunities to meet their interests and needs Vocational-technical education Programs at the middle school and high school designed to provide educational experiences that lead more directly to employment following high school rather than to higher education settings Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-36 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

3. Table 4.2 Enrollment in Prekindergarten Programs Year3-Year-Olds (%)4-Year-Olds (%) 1965 4.916.1 197521.540.5 198528.849.1 199032.656.1 199535.961.6 199837.666.6 200039.268.9 Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-37 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

4. Table 4.3 Public Junior High and Middle Schools Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. YearMiddle SchoolsJunior High Schools 1970-19712,0807,750 1975-19763,9167,521 1980-19816,0035,890 1990-19918,5454,561 1995-199610,2053,743 1997-199810,9443,599 Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-38 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

5. Table 4.4 High School Reform Efforts ProposalDescription The Paideia proposal Adler (1982) proposed a more classic high school curriculum based on the Great Books that would allow students virtually no elective course work. A Nation at RiskThis influential report (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983) suggested that all high school students be required to take 4 years of English, and 3 years each of mathematics, science, and social studies. American high school study In a proposal parallel to that of the Nation at Risk report, this study recommended an increase in the academic core required for graduation from one-half to two-thirds of the total credits. More course work in English, history, science, mathematics, foreign language, and civics was recommended (Boyer, 1983). Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-39 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

6. Table 4.5 Percentage of High School Dropouts, 1960-2000 Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. YearPercentage 196027.2 197015.0 198014.1 199012.1 199811.3 200010.9 Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-40 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

7. Table 4.6 Students Receiving Special Education Services Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Year Number Served (millions) Percentage Served (of total enrollment) 1976-19773.6908.33 1985-19864.3210.95 1995-19965.5712.43 1997-19985.9012.80 1999-20006.2013.20 Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-41 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

8. Table 4.7 Gifted and Talented Programs and Students Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. State Mandated Gifted and Talented Programs (Y or N) Gifted and Talented as Percentage of State Total AlabamaY2.4 ArkansasY8.0 FloridaY3.5 HawaiiY11.0 MarylandN12.0 MichiganN14.0 MinnesotaN7.2 MissouriN5.0 NebraskaY10.0 North DakotaN1.0 OhioY13.0 PennsylvaniaY4.6 TennesseeY2.0 WashingtonN1.5 WisconsinY15.0 Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-42 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

9. Table 4.8 Vocational Education Courses Taken in High School Source: Adapted from Digest of Education Statistics, by National Center for Education Statistics, 2001, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Student CharacteristicsAverage Number of Courses* Male4.25 Female3.77 White3.97 Black4.33 Hispanic3.97 Asian3.15 American Indian4.02 Academic track2.22 Vocational track9.12 *The number of courses is measured in Carnegie units, with one unit representing the completion of a 1-year course. Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-43 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

10. Figure 4.2 Sample Year-Round School Calendar Source: Jefferson County Public Schools, Louisville, Kentucky. Retrieved July 24, 2002, from http://www.jefferson.k12.ky.us/Calendars/45-15cal.pdf Early JulySchool year begins. Students begin classes 2 days after teachers return. Mid-SeptemberFall break, approximately 2 weeks. No school. October to Mid-DecemberRemainder of fall term. Mid-December to New YearChristmas break. January to Mid-MarchWinter term. Mid-March to Mid-AprilSpring break. Mid-April to Late MaySpring term. Late May to Early JulySummer break. Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-44 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

11. Figure 4.3 Sample Daily Schedule, Child Care Center 6:30-8:00 A.M. Opening/safety checklist/setup/early morning snack/limited center activities 8:00-9:00 A.M. Learning Center choices 9:00-10:00 A.M. Cleanup, toileting, snack time, tooth brushing, transition to group time 10:00-11:00 A.M. Circle time, small-group times (language, math, science, gross motor), cleanup, cooperative group skill development 11:00 A.M. -12:15 P.M. Learning areas, large- and small-group activities, cleanup 12:15-1:00 P.M. Hand washing, lunch, cleanup 1:00-2:30 P.M. Tooth brushing, bathroom, nap preparation, nap time/quiet time 2:30-3:15 P.M. Outdoor time 3:15-4:45 P.M. Transition to classroom, Learning Center choices 4:45-5:30 P.M. Small motor activities, journals 5:30-6:30 P.M. Cleanup, story, departure Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-45 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

12. Figure 4.4 Sample Elementary Schedule, Grade 3 8:55-9:45 A.M. Opening, daily oral language, spelling 9:45-10:30 A.M. Mathematics, PE (Monday, Wednesday) 10:30-10:45 A.M. Recess 10:45 A.M. -12:00 P.M. Literacy block 12:00-12:45 P.M. Lunch 12:45-1:45 P.M. Sustained Silent Reading; library (Friday) 1:45-2:45 P.M. Science; PE (Thursday) 2:45-3:30 P.M. Social studies, music (Tuesday, Thursday) Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-46 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

13. Figure 4.5 Sample Teaching Schedule, Middle School 8:25-9:33 A.M. Block I (integrated language arts and social studies) 9:37-10:41 A.M. Block II (integrated language arts and social studies) 10:45-11:49 A.M. Block III (integrated language arts and social studies) 11:54 A.M. -12:24 P.M. Lunch 12:29-1:00 P.M. Block IV (Reading) 1:04-2:09 P.M. Block V (integrated language arts and social studies) 2:13-3:02 P.M. Planning period (students in enrichment activities) Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-47 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice

14. Figure 4.6 Weekly Schedule, Sentinel High School Schedule APeriod 1BreakPeriod 3Period 5 1, 3, 5 (Tuesday) 7:45- 9:35 A.M. 9:35- 9:55 A.M. 9:55 A.M. - 12:20 P.M. (includes lunch) 12:25- 2:15 P.M. Schedule BPeriod 2BreakPeriod 4Period 6 2, 4, 6 (Wednesday) 7:45- 9:35 A.M. 9:35- 9:55 A.M. 9:55 A.M. - 12:20 P.M. (includes lunch) 12:25- 2:15 P.M. Schedule CPeriod 1Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 5Period 6 Monday, Thursday, Friday 7:45- 8:39 A.M. 8:45- 9:44 A.M. 9:50- 10:44 A.M. 10:50 A.M. - 12:14 P.M. (includes lunch) 12:20- 1:14 P.M. 1:20- 2:15 P.M. Copyright ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. T-48 Henniger The Teaching Experience: An Introduction to Reflective Practice