1. Hydrogen, fueling the sun today, fueling our cars tomorrow

2. How it works

3. Benefits Environmentally friendly Potentially less expensive and more efficient Alternate source of energy Completely replaces gasoline in transportation Stabilize the economy

4. Negatives Expensive in the beginning Needs more advances in storage of hydrogen Needs advances in producing hydrogen Needs advances in the membrane There is not a nationwide refueling infrastructure

5. Environmentally Friendly Does not create any greenhouse gases Does not cause global warming Only byproduct is water vapor

6. Needs Advances in producing Hydrogen Currently the production from natural gas and petroleum creates greenhouse gases Two other ways to make hydrogen are through electrolysis by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, or through a thermochemical reaction in nuclear power plants

7. Continued Electrolysis involves adding electricity to water, which separates the hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen created without greenhouse gases as byproduct. However no industry of large scale exist

8. Continued Heat from nuclear reaction creates a thermochemical reaction that split water molecules into base elements. In addition the electricity created by the power plant can be used to create more hydrogen through electrolysis. However, dangers of a nuclear power plants have stifled this idea.

9. Cost and efficiency 1 gallon of gas = 1kg of hydrogen 1kg of hydrogen = 75 miles, 1 gallon of gas costs $4, 1 kg hydrogen costs $6-$10. However hydrogen could potentially cost only $2-$4 per kg. Current gasoline engines work at 30% efficiency Hydrogen fuel-cells work upwards of 50% efficiency.

10. Continued Hydrogen stored in tanks that will hold 2.5 to 3.5 kg. and go about 200 miles Desired distance is about 400 miles. Scientist have 3 theories as to how they can double the amount of storage of hydrogen.

11. continued Liquid state Pressurized state Compressed gas state However, they have not made much progress in perfecting any of these states.

12. continued Another problem is the membrane. 1) The membrane is currently very expensive to produce 2) The membranes are not as efficient as they could be 3) The membrane only lasts 2,000 hours, it needs to be around 4,000 hours.

13. Alternate source of energy Hydrogen will completely replace gasoline in the transportation industry Can be used as a generator for nearby households or business A hydrogen car stores enough energy to power a nearby home, which results in a more energy efficient environment

14. Stabilizes Economy With the transition over to hydrogen for all of our transportation needs around 66 percent of our annual oil consumption will be cut. This will relieve our needs for foreign oil and therefore lower the price of oil, which could help stabilize the economy.

15. No Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructure Only 100 hydrogen refueling station in the U.S., most are in New York and California. There needs to be around 12000 stations costing $1 million each. “Chicken or the egg” problem, people won’t buy cars without fueling stations and fueling station won’t build without people buying hydrogen fuel-cell cars.

16. Implementing Hydrogen Fuel- cells cars into the economy Government should increase grants for the advancement of hydrogen fuel-cell cars. Once prototype is ready government should provide incentives in order to have consumers buy this new technology and the creation of a new hydrogen fuel infrastructure

17. Finances In the next 30 years it will cost about 1.3 trillion for the expansion of the North American gasoline economy. About 300 billion for oil refineries,that will most likely be replaced by hydrogen facilities. It will cost several hundred billion to produce these hydrogen infrastructures as well, so by cutting down on the amount spent on building oil refineries and pipelines we would be able to use it towards building hydrogen facilities and save hundreds of billions of dollars.

18. Globe Progression Many industrialized countries have given grants and encouraged the advancements of hydrogen fuel-cell cars. However the amount of money given doesn’t meet the amount of money needed to make hydrogen fuel-cell cars a near future reality.