1. Ozone Causes Ecosystem Impacts Sara Busken Mona Shores High School

2. Ozone “Good up high” “Bad nearby”

3. Good Ozone Depletion 1970’s Researchers discover “hole” in Stratospheric ozone which blocks UV rays 1980’s CFC’s identified as cause of thinning 1989 Montreal Protocol world wide treaty banning use of CFC’s It takes decades for CFC’s to dissipate, but the thinning has slowed

4. Tropospheric Ozone = SMOG

5. Ozone Formation in the Lower Atmosphere VOC + NOx + Sunlight OZONE

8. Tropospheric Ozone Record

9. Global Distribution of Tropospheric Ozone

10. Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment Experiments (FACE) Open-air control of atmosphere conditions Fairly large scale Longer term than previous chamber experiments Major investment of research money Large teams of researchers

11. Aspen FACE Experiment, Rhinelander, WI

12. Experimental Design

13. CO 2 and Ozone Effects on Trees CO 2 effects: + photosynthesis + growth + water use efficiency – wood density O 3 effects: – photosynthesis – growth – wax cuticle of leaves + leaf senescence

14. Cell-level Ozone Damage

15. CO 2 and O 3 Effects on Tree Growth

16. Research Findings I

17. Research Findings II

18. Ozone affects plant & human health  “sunburns” lungs  breathing difficulties during exercise  permanent lung damage after repeated exposure  Photosynthesis  Leaf size  Leaf longevity  Fine root biomass

19. Global change interactions

20. Rates of global nitrogen fixation

21. Consequences of doubling Nitrogen fixation

22. Two-thirds of Nitrogen in Mississippi comes from fertilizers & manure

23. How can you reduce bad ozone Choose a cleaner commute — car pool, use public transportation, bike or walk when possible. Combine errands to reduce "cold starts" of your car and avoid extended idling. Be sure your tires are properly inflated. Keep car, boat and other engines properly tuned, and avoid engines that smoke. Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery. Be careful not to spill fuel and always tighten your gas cap securely