1. Drill
What are some differences between the liquids used in the investigation?
Using the terms isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic, explain the changes in mass of the 2 eggs.
3.Would you expect the same results if you used eggs that were still in their shells?

2. -Introduction: Respiration -Midterms: 5 minutes
Objectives
-Introduction: Respiration
-Midterms: 5 minutes

3. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

4. Outline I. Cellular Respiration A. Introduction
B. Reactions (Anaerobic and Aerobic)
II. Photosynthesis
B. Reactions

5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Pick a color

7. What is ATP?

8. -Adenosine Triphosphate
-Energy used by all cells
-Organic molecules containing high-energy phosphate bonds

9. HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
Copyright Cmassengale

10. Copyright Cmassengale
Break bonds…..ENERGY!
An Enzyme!
ATPase
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11. Copyright Cmassengale
Remaking ATP
ATP Synthetase-
an enzyme that builds ATP from ADP
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12. Copyright Cmassengale
The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
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13. Homework due 1/24/2012
Read pages
Complete questions on page 237:
#1-6, 10, 12-15

14. Structure of a Mitochondria
Inner membrane
Composed of folds or shelves called cristae.
The electron transport chain occurs along the cristae.
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space
Gel filled space between the outer and inner membrane
Matrix
Gel-like fluid inside the inner membrane

15. Copyright Cmassengale
Cell Respiration
Occurs across Cristae
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix
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16. Glycolysis 2 ADP 2 molecules of G3P 2 molecules of pyruvate NAD+ NADH
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Begins both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
A 10 step process.
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 molecules of G3P
2 molecules of pyruvate
NAD+
NADH
2 ADP
2 ATP
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Requires an input of energy to initiate the reaction.
Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.

17. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
An overview of cellular respiration
Figure 9.6
Electrons
carried
via NADH
Glycolsis
Glucose
Pyruvate
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Electrons carried
via NADH and
FADH2
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
Oxidative
Mitochondrion
Cytosol

18. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a 6-carbon sugar
How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?
Have you ever had a stomach cramp while exercising? Think about what was happening when that occurred.

19. Glycolysis 2 ADP 2 molecules of G3P 2 molecules of pyruvate NAD+ NADH
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Begins both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
A 10 step process.
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 molecules of G3P
2 molecules of pyruvate
NAD+
NADH
2 ADP
2 ATP
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Requires an input of energy to initiate the reaction.
Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.

20. Cellular Respiration: GLYCOLYSIS
Reactions to hydrolyze a 6-C glucose molecule into two 3-C molecules called pyruvate/pyruvic acid
All organisms from simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way
Cytoplasm & Anaerobic
*Input: 2 ATP molecules
*Yield: 2 ATP molecules/ glucose molecule
*Yield: 2 NADH/ glucose molecule

21. Produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP
Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed

23. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Some organisms thrive in little or no oxygen
Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds
No more ATP:
final steps in these pathways serve ONLY to regenerate NAD+ so it can return to pick up more electrons and hydrogens in glycolysis.
Produces: ethanol and CO2 (single cell fungi (yeast) in beer/bread) or lactic acid (muscle cells)

24. Copyright Cmassengale
Fermentation
Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP
Copyright Cmassengale

25. Fermentation

27. LAB Review Lab Procedure Pre-lab questions Lab Lab Report.

28. WHIP AROUND Stand up with a partner, back to back,
with both individuals easily viewing the board

29. Glucose and oxygen are the reactants of cellular respiration
True or False
Glucose and oxygen are the reactants of cellular respiration

30. Photosynthesis takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
True or False
Photosynthesis takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

31. Fermentation yields only 2 ATP
True or False
Fermentation yields only 2 ATP

32. The Krebs cycle yields 2 pyruvic acid
True or False
The Krebs cycle yields 2 pyruvic acid

33. Aerobic respiration is the most efficient manner of energy production
True or False
Aerobic respiration is the most efficient manner of energy production

36. When ATP is recharged, that means that a ___________ is being added onto _______.
When ATP is spent or used, that means that a ___________ is taken off of ______ _.
3. _________can be compared to a fully-charged battery
_________can be compared to a run-down battery.
4. Energy is stored for use by cells in ATP molecules. What is the source of that energy?

37. Review and collect yeast problem Aerobic respiration-Krebs cycle
Wednesday February 2, 2011
Review and collect yeast problem
Aerobic respiration-Krebs cycle
Quiz: Monday
HW: posted online
Read pg
pg 237 q. 1-10,

39. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Oxygen required=aerobic
2 more sets of reactions which occur in a specialized structure within the cell called the mitochondria
1. Kreb’s Cycle
2. Electron Transport Chain

40. Kreb’s Cycle Completes the breakdown of glucose
Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and H2O
Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2
Production of only 2 more ATP but loads up the coenzymes with H+ and electrons which move to the 3rd stage

42. Krebs Cycle

43. Electron Transport Chain
Electron carriers loaded with electrons and protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this chain-like a series of steps (staircase).
As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP
Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water

44. Electron Transport
Figure 8.14 Electron transport occurs along the mitochondrial membrane.

46. Energy Tally 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
Glycolysis ATP
Kreb’s ATP
Electron Transport 32 ATP
36 ATP
Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but are important for global recycling of carbon

49. A Summary of Glycolysis
Process
Where in the cell does this process occur?
What are the reactants of this process?
What are the products of this process?
How many ATP are generated?
2 ADP
4 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Glucose (C6H12O6)
2 ATP
4 ADP
2 NAD+
Net of
2 ATP 4 4

50. A Summary of the Krebs Cycle
Process
Where in the cell does this process occur?
What are the reactants of this process?
What are the products of this process?
How many ATP are generated?
Krebs Cycle
Mitochondria
Matrix
2 pyruvate
2 ADP
2 FAD
8 NAD+
2 ATP
8 NADH
6 CO2
2 FADH2
2 ATP 50

51. A Summary of Electron Transport
Process
Where in the cell does this process occur?
What are the reactants of this process?
What are the products of this process?
How many ATP are generated?
Electron Transport
Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria
2 FADH2
32 ADP
10 NADH
6 O2
32 ATP
10 NAD+
6 H2O
2 FAD
32 ATP 51

52. A Summary of Cellular Respiration
Process
Where in the cell does this process occur?
What are the reactants of this process?
What are the products of this process?
How many ATP are generated?
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle
Mitochondrial Matrix
Electron Transport
Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria
Glucose
2 ADP
2 NAD+
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate +
2 pyruvate
2 ADP
2 FAD
8 NAD+
2 ATP
8 NADH
6 CO2
2 FADH2 +
2 FADH2
32 ADP
10 NADH
6 O2
32 ATP
10 NAD+
6 H2O
2 FAD 52