1. Nerve cells Muscle cells Epithelial cells Bone cell Fat cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYxDoP9ABHc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= gFuEo2ccTPA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= RrS2uROUjK4

2. Cytology - the study of the structure, function and diseases of cells

3. Three main ideas: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization 3. All cells come from preexisting cells (cell division).

4. Prokaryotic Cell -cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

6. Eukaryotic Cell -has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

8. I. Structure: –A. Cell Membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins on its surface or embedded in the membrane. II. Functions: –A. Cell membrane functions in separating the inside cell environment from the outside environment and controls what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable).

9. Cell / Plasma Membrane -Selectively permeable membrane -Phospholipid bilayer / Double membrane

10. “water loving” “water-fearing”

11. Cytoplasm - the clear liquid that is essentially the site of metabolic rxns (gas exchange)

12. Nucleus - control center of cell, contains DNA Nuclear membrane - a porous double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus and allows proteins and chemical messages to pass through

13. Nucleolus - a dense body composed of RNA and protein, forms ribosomes, control center for cell metabolism and reproduction Chromatin - loosely coiled chromosomes made of protein and DNA

14. Centrosome - two hollow cylinderical centrioles Centriole - active in separating chromosomes in cell division

15. Cilia - small hairlike structures on the surface of the cell membrane, wavelike motion. Flagella - longer projection on the surface of the cell, undulating whip-like motion.

16. Ribosomes - composed of protein and RNA, sites of protein synthesis Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - a network of tubes that transport materials, contain ribosomes on their surface

17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - transports materials, synthesize lipids

18. Golgi Apparatus - flat sacs that package and transport proteins “post office”

19. Lysosomes - digest worn out cellular parts or toxins “stomach of cell” Mitochondria - release and transform energy into useable forms “powerhouse of cell” http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120067/bio01.swf

20. Microtubules - long, hollow cylindrical tubules involved in cell division and provide support and structure for the cell Intermediate Filaments – give the cell strength and stability Microfilaments - long, solid cylindrical tubules involved in cell shape and the movement of organelles Cytoskeleton - provides support and structure for the cell.

22. Vesicles/Vacuole - are membrane- bound sacs that hold materials. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= RSTB57a6Uzk&feature=related

23. Plant Cell Differences 1. Cell wall 2. No centrioles 3. Plastids (Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts) 4. 1 large vacuole

24. Plant Cells contain cell wall and chloroplast

25. Cell Wall – surrounds the plasma membrane; supports and protects the cell from changes in water pressure

26. Vacuole Fluid filled sac used for storage of materials needed by cell.

27. Chloroplasts - a plastid that contains chlorophyll and traps light energy to produce glucose.

29. Chromoplasts - contain accessory pigments, especially carotenoids. They are common in flowers and fruits. Red bell pepperMarigold

30. Leucoplasts - plastids that lack color http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= o1GQyciJaTA&feature=related

31. Passive Transport substance goes with the concentration gradient requires no cellular energy Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Filtration

32. Diffusion Diffusion : the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Key factors in the rate of diffusion: concentration, temperature, and pressure. http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1903

33. Diffusion Simple Diffusion- molecules and ions pass from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentrations. http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/diff.html Facilitated diffusion- requires a carrier molecule for diffusion to take place.

34. What is Equilibrium? Equilibrium : when concentrations are equal and the net movement of particles is equal.

35. Osmosis - water diffuses from higher concentration to lower concentration *selectively permeable - allows water to flow freely but not glucose

36. A. Isotonic - equilibrium of water and solute

37. B. Hypertonic - higher concentration of solute outside the cell (in the solution) Animal cell – shrink/shrivel Plant cell – limp, flaccid

38. C. Hypotonic - lesser concentration of solute outside the cell (in the solution) Animal cell – burst Plant cell – swell, stiff

40. http://www.connect.ab.ca/~lburns/students_tenunit2note.ht ml *Visual of Hypertonic, Hypotonic and Isotonic http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm - Osmosis http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/ transport1.html http://www.nclark.net/BioChapter8 http://www.biologie.u ni-hamburg.de/b- online/library/biology 107/bi107vc/fa99/terr y/membranes.html

41. Active Transport - requires energy (ATP), goes against concentration gradient, uses transport proteins http://www.biologie.uni- hamburg.de/b- online/library/biology10 7/bi107vc/fa99/terry/im ages/ATPpumA.gif

42. Vessicular Transport Endocytosis - when particles enter into the cell by means of a vesicle. 1. Pinocytosis : liquids enter into the cell in a vesicle 2. Phagocytosis : solids enter into the cell in a vesicle

43. Vessicular Transport Exocytosis : particles and liquids exit out of the cell

44. Passive Transport- no energy used 1.Diffusion 2.Facilitated Diffusion 3.Osmosis Active Transport- Energy used. ATP 1.Protein pumps 2.Endocytosis 3.Exocytosis 4.Phagocytosis 5.Pinocytosis Remember………

45. http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer /0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell _structure.htmhttp://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer /0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell _structure.htm