1. SAFIR SAFIR, Safety of nuclear power plants – Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Overview of the programme prepared by Eija Karita Puska, Director of SAFIR http://www.vtt.fi/pro/tutkimus/safir

2. 2 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Background – Nuclear energy R&D In Finland nuclear energy R&D consist of research in three major areas: nuclear power plant safety (reactor safety), 39 % waste management, 50 % fusion, 10 % In nuclear power plant safety nearly 40 % of research is done in public research programmes In waste management only 2 % of research is in the public research programmes

3. 3 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Background - Nuclear Energy R&D in Finland (1999) Total volume 27 million € Funding Sources Power companies 53 % Research Areas Others 1 % FINNUS ALWR JYT2001 Waste Management 50 % XVO FFUSION2 Fusion Research 10 % 4 % 3 % 15 % 4 % Reactor Safety 39 % STUK 5 % TEKES 11 % KTM 9 % VTT 10 % Others 6 % EU 6 %

4. 4 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Background – Research programmes The public NPP safety research in Finland is organised into reseach programmes and funded by several partners: KTM = Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry VTT = Technical Research Centre of Finland STUK = Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Utilities = Fortum Oyj and Teollisuuden Voima Oy NKS = Nordic co-operation in nuclear safety Financing FINNUS 1999 – 2002 and SAFIR 2003 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 KTMVTTSTUKUtilitiesNKSOther kEuro 19992000200120022003

5. 5 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Background - FINNUS 1999 - 2002 FINNUS Finnish national research programme on nuclear power plants safety1999 – 2002 Research areas: NPP ageing, accidents and risk, with 11 separate research projects Total volume 14,4 million € and 130 person years An extensive summary of the results is presented in the Final report and Executive summary FINNUS produced nearly 600 publications FINNUS took care of education of new generation by producing 26 academic degrees See http://www.vtt.fi/pro/tutkimus/finnus and the printed publications for detailed information

6. 6 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Background - FINNUS 1999 - 2002 FINNUS contributed to the safe and economic use of nuclear power in Finland as a strong link in the chain of national research programmes by: developing tools and practices for safety authorities and utilities providing a basis for safety-related decisions educating new nuclear energy experts promoting technology and information transfer Research continues in SAFIR 2003 – 2006

7. 7 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR is The mid-field of research and education National research programme Safety case and licensing evidence Utility research Regulatory inspections and reviews Regulatory research SAFIR 2003-2006 Safety of nuclear power plants – Finnish national research programme

8. 8 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR = mid-field Research activities supporting regulatory inspections do not belong to SAFIR. Research activities supporting licensing do not belong to SAFIR. Safety of nuclear power plants – Finnish national research programme Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) Utilities (TVO, Fortum)Regulatory body (STUK) Mid-field research activities

9. 9 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 General SAFIR objectives Basic preparedness expertise methodsEducation new experts experienced expertsNetworks domestic international

10. 10 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Planning of SAFIR - Future safety challenges physical barriersplant functionsinitiating events safety management design & analysis integrityfunction operationrisks 1. New fuel designs and enhanced use 2. Ensurance of integrity of an ageing reactor circuit 3. Ensurance of containment integrity and leak-tightness 8. Operational development with modern technology 9. Plant lifetime management 10. Development of organisational culture and safety management 12. Risk-informed safety and operational management 11. Risk analysis of external effects 6. Automation modernizations 7. Control room modernizations 4. New types of nuclear power plants 5. Uncertainties associated with process safety functions

11. 11 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 Planning of SAFIR - Grouping of challenges 1 2 3 6 5 4 1. New fuel designs and enhanced use 9. Plant lifetime management 2. Ensurance of integrity of an ageing reactor circuit 3. Ensurance of containment integrity and leak-tightness 5. Uncertainties associated with process safety functions 8. Operational development with modern technology 6. Automation modernizations 7. Control room modernizations 12. Risk-informed safety and operational management 11. Risk analysis of external effects 10. Development of organisational culture and safety management 4. New types of nuclear power plants

12. 12 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003 – The Research 4 million € and 31 person years 19 research projects VTT as the major research organisation (some 90 % of research), others Lappeenranta University of Technology Fortum Nuclear Services RAMSE Consulting plus some other partners as subcontractors

13. 13 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003 – The Funding

14. 14 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003 – The Expenses

15. 15 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003 – Six Research Areas 1. Reactor fuel and core 2. Reactor circuit and structural safety 3. Containment and process safety functions 4. Automation, control room and information technology 5. Organisations and safety management 6. Risk-informed safety management Each area has a reference group that superwises the research Additional Ad hoc groups in large areas

16. 16 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003

17. 17 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003

18. 18 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 1. Reactor fuel and core CRITICALITY SAFETY FUEL ICFM = IN-CORE FUEL MANAGEMENT ICFM CORE SEVERE ACCIDENTS TRANSIENTS COOLANT FLOW STABILITY OPERATIONAL SAFETY LIMITS IRRADIATION: MATERIAL DAMAGES & ACTIVATION HIGH BURNUP CLADDING INTEGRITY CORROSION WATER CHEMISTRY TRANSPORTATION STORAGE FINAL REFUELING SHUTDOWNS SPENT FUEL REPOSITORY STORAGE THERMAL MECHANICS

19. 19 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 1. Reactor fuel and core Enhanced methods for reactor analysis (EMERALD), 525 k€ / 48 person months / VTT Processes High-burnup upgrades in fuel behaviour modelling (KORU), 210 k€ / 20,5 person months / VTT Processes

20. 20 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 2. Reactor circuit and structural safety Requirements – design – manufacturingInspection – characterisation – predictions Reactor circuit pipelines LoadingsMaterial propertiesGeometry EnvironmentCumulative effectsOperating experiences LBB Water chemistry effects Base materialFlow conditionsImpuritiesOxide film Reactor pressure vessel with joints and internals Re-embrittlement Loadings Data Material properties Integrity Criteria Methods Faults Risk-informed safety management Plant lifetime managementReactor circuit integrity Operational development with modern technology Other reactor circuit components Loadings Failure types FaultsCriteria Materials

21. 21 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 2. Reactor circuit and structural integrity Integrity and life time of reactor circuits (INTELI), 1057 k€ / 77,9 person months / VTT Industrial Systems Ageing of the Function of the Containment Building (AGCONT), 13 k€ / 1,1 person months / VTT Building and Transport Participation in the OECD NEA Task Group Concrete Ageing (CONAGE), 9,48 k€ / 0,6 person months / VTT Building and Transport Concrete Technological Studies Related to the Construction, Inspection and Reparation of the Nuclear Power Plant Structures (CONTECH), 100,6 k€ / 8 person months / VTT Building and Transport

22. 22 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 3. Containment and process safety functions External threats Potential releases, environmental effects Containment Process safety functions Passive systems Balanced safety Integrated assessment of containment and process safety functions Severe accidents shutdown conditionscoolabilitylong-term aspects plant-specific questionschemistryfission products Effects of ageing on containment function IntegrityLeak-tightness

23. 23 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 3. Containment and process safety functions Wall Response to Soft Impact (WARSI), 137,7 k€ /13 person months / VTT Industrial Systems The Integral Code for Design Basis Accident Analyses (TIFANY), 206,8 k€ / 17 person months / Fortum Nuclear Services Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors (THEA), 187 k€ / 12 person months / VTT Processes Severe Accidents and Nuclear Containment integrity (SANCY), 315,6 k€ / 17 person months / VTT Processes Fission product gas and aerosol particle control (FIKSU), 98,2 k€ /10,5 person months / VTT Processes Emergency preparedness supporting studies (OTUS), 50 k€ /4,5 person months / VTT Processes Archiving experiment data (KOETAR), 60 k€ / 6 person months / Lappeenranta University of Technology Condensation pool experiments (POOLEX), 152,5 k€ / 15 person months / Lappeenranta University of Technology

24. 24 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 4. Automation, control room and information technology Automation Requirements engineering Qualification process Design evaluation Lifetime management Control room Changes in control room work Verification and validation process Human system interaction (interface design) IT Reference model for the work processes Configuration and requirements management Knowledge and information management

25. 25 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 4. Automation, control room and information technology Interaction approach to development of control rooms (IDEC), 140 k€ /12 person months / VTT Industrial Systems Application Possibilities of Systematic Requirements Management in the Improvement of Nuclear Safety in Finland (APSREM), 50 k€ / 3,8 person months / RAMSE Consulting

26. 26 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 5. Organisations and safety management understanding cultural aspects implementation of changes changes in age structure improved productivity & efficiency development of technology changing procedures and habits maintaining knowledge and expertise management and decision making work load and wearout bringing new technology into operation preventing routine effects Theoretical development Practical problems Pressure for change

27. 27 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 5.Organisations and safety management Organisational culture and management of change (CULMA), 205,7 k€ / 17 person moths / VTT Industrial Systems

28. 28 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 6. Risk-informed safety management Development of risk analysis Level 1 PSA: plant design Level 1 PSA: plant operation Level 2 PSA: severe accident management Fire safety and risk analysis Dynamic reliability and risk models Risk-informed maintenance strategies Structural reliability and failure models Cost-benefit evaluations in design, operation and monitoring Multidisciplinary, risk-informed practices involving different technical areas Multidisciplinary risk analysis related to plant lifetime Risk analysis of external effects

29. 29 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR projects in 2003 6. Risk-informed safety management Potential of Fire Spread (POTFIS), 158 k€ / 12 person months / VTT Building and Transport Principles and Practices of Risk-Informed Safety MAnagement (PPRISMA). 258,55 k€ / 24,4 person months / VTT Industrial Systems

30. 30 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR – The Education SAFIR is an important forum for education of nuclear experts in Finland Education takes place via research work in the SAFIR projects Education is a continuous process New experts into the nuclear field - largely via tutoring by the old experts New challenging tasks for the old experts – old experts have to acquire new skills

31. 31 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 SAFIR 2003 – The Network SAFIR is a forum for information exchange and link between researchers and organisations: some 130 persons involved in the research work in the projects of SAFIR 80 persons from safety authority STUK, utilities Fortum and TVO, VTT, universities and other organisations involved in the quidance of research via the steering group and six reference groups (meeting 3-4 times annually)

32. 32 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 6 Reference Groups 1. Reactor fuel & core 2. Reactor circuit and structural safety 3. Containment and process safety functions 4. Automation, control room & IT 5. Organisations and safety management 6. Risk-informed safety management ad hoc -ryhmät ad hoc groups Steering group

33. 33 SAFIR SAFIR Safety of nuclear power plants ­ Finnish national research programme 2003-2006 VTT’s role in SAFIR VTT Processes has been selected as the coordination unit for the period 2002-2004 VTT is the main/responsible partner in 15 out of the 19 research projects in 2003 VTT has a key role in the funding of SAFIR for 2003 with some 1 million € VTT’s research units decide independently on their funding in SAFIR and the direction of the funding within SAFIR